Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods: Difference between revisions

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Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. cit. [[#Kummer2003ch8|Kummer 2003]] p.152</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001). "[http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform]". ''Hypertension'' 38(2):227–231. PMID:11509481 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.

</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson, S. (2001). "[http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency]". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 56(2):163–170. Harcourt Publishers Ltd. DOI:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 PMID:11425281 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]. BBC News. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith, A. (2002). "[http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 Effects of caffeine on human behavior]". ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' 40(9):1243-1255. DOI:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 PMID:12204388 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003). [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources Use and Common Sources of Caffeine].

''Information about Caffeine Dependence''. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007). [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm Caffeine in the diet]. ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia''. The U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref>

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|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = BBC News

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| accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mahmud | first = A. | coauthors = Feely, J. | year = 2001 | title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform | url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 | journal = Hypertension | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–231 | pmid = 11509481 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johnson, S. | date = 2001 | title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency | url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 56 |issue = 2 |pages = 163–170 |publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd |doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 | pmid = 11425281 |accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{cite web | author = BBC News | coauthors = Lesk, Valerie |date = 2004-07-20 | title = A coffee can make you forgetful | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm | publisher = BBC News | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{cite journal |author = Smith, A. | year = 2002 | title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior | url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 1243-1255 | doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 | pmid = 12204388 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{cite web | author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |year = 2003| title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine | url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources | work = Information about Caffeine Dependence | accessdate = 2008-02-23 }}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{cite web | author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison | year = 2007 | title = Caffeine in the diet | url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm | work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia | publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>

== References ==

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</div>

===Rendering for footnote full references === <!--This rendering is produced by copying the above content between the <pre> and </pre> tags into place between the <div> and </div> tags below and, since this is a subsection in this project page and changing "==References==" to ";References".

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| accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152|Ref=DisambiguateKummer}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mahmud | first = A. | coauthors = Feely, J. | year = 2001 | title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform | url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 | journal = Hypertension | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–231 | pmid = 11509481 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johnson, S. | date = 2001 | title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency | url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 56 |issue = 2 |pages = 163–170 |publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd |doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 | pmid = 11425281 |accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{cite web | author = BBC News | coauthors = Lesk, Valerie |date = 2004-07-20 | title = A coffee can make you forgetful | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm | publisher = BBC News | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{cite journal |author = Smith, A. | year = 2002 | title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior | url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 1243-1255 | doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 | pmid = 12204388 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{cite web | author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |year = 2003| title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine | url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources | work = Information about Caffeine Dependence | accessdate = 2008-02-23 }}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{cite web | author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison | year = 2007 | title = Caffeine in the diet | url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm | work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia | publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>

;References

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky 2006.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira 2006.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar 2006.</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8 /> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud 2001.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson 2001.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC 2004.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith 2002.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins 2003.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines 2007.</ref>

== Notes ==

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky 2006.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira 2006.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar 2006.</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8 /> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud 2001.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson 2001.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC 2004.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith 2002.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins 2003.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines 2007.</ref>

{{Fake heading|Notes}}

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] p.152.</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>[[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>[[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>[[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>[[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]].</ref>

== Notes ==

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] p.152.</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>[[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>[[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>[[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>[[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]].</ref>

== Notes ==

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],{{sfn|Klatsky|2006}} and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.{{sfn|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}} For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.{{sfn|Bakalar|2006}}

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|p=152}} Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.{{sfn|Mahmud|Feely|2001}} Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],{{sfn|Johnson|2001}} and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.{{sfn|Lesk|2004}} About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,{{sfn|Smith|2002}} and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.{{sfn|Johns Hopkins|2003}} Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.{{sfn|Haines|2007}}

== Notes ==

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],{{sfn|Klatsky|2006}} and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.{{sfn|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}} For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.{{sfn|Bakalar|2006}}

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|p=152}} Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.{{sfn|Mahmud|Feely|2001}} Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],{{sfn|Johnson|2001}} and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.{{sfn|Lesk|2004}} About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,{{sfn|Smith|2002}} and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.{{sfn|Johns Hopkins|2003}} Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.{{sfn|Haines|2007}}

{{Fake heading|Notes}}

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] (Klatsky 2006), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components (Pereira 2006). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage (Bakalar 2006).

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether (Kummer 2003, p. 152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls (Mahmud 2001). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] (Johnson 2001) and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information (BBC 2004). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn (Smith 2002), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects (Johns Hopkins 2003). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults (Haines 2007).

== References ==

Line 825:

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] (Klatsky 2006), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components (Pereira 2006). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage (Bakalar 2006).

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether (Kummer 2003, p. 152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls (Mahmud 2001). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] (Johnson 2001) and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information (BBC 2004). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn (Smith 2002), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects (Johns Hopkins 2003). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults (Haines 2007).

{{Fake heading|References}}

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] ([#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]]), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components ([[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]]). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage ([[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]]).

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], p.152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls ([[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]]). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] ([[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]]), and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information ([[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]]). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn ([[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]]), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects ([[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]]). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults ([[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]]).

== References ==

Line 885:

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] ([#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]]), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components ([[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]]). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage ([[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]]).

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], p.152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls ([[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]]). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] ([[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]]), and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information ([[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]]). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn ([[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]]), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects ([[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]]). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults ([[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]]).

== References ==

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] {{harv|Klatsky|2006}}, and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components {{harv|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}}. For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage {{harv|Bakalar|2006}}.

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether {{harv|Kummer|2003|p=152}}. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls {{harv|Mahmud|Feely|2001}}. Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] {{harv|Johnson|2001}}, and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information {{harv|Lesk|2004}}. About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn {{harv|Smith|2002}}, and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects {{harv|Johns Hopkins|2003}}. Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults {{harv|Haines|2007}}.

== References ==

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] {{harv|Klatsky|2006}}, and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components {{harv|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}}. For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage {{harv|Bakalar|2006}}.

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether {{harv|Kummer|2003|p=152}}. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls {{harv|Mahmud|Feely|2001}}. Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] {{harv|Johnson|2001}}, and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information {{harv|Lesk|2004}}. About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn {{harv|Smith|2002}}, and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects {{harv|Johns Hopkins|2003}}. Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults {{harv|Haines|2007}}.

{{Fake heading|References}}