Serial memory processing has been studied neurologically, and certain brain regions have been found to be associated to this processing. There is evidence that both the [[prefrontal cortex]] and the [[hippocampus|hippocampal region|hippocampus]] are related to serial memory processing. This is because lesions in these areas tend to be related to impaired ability in remembering serial order. <ref name=Chiba /> Rat studies have shown that lesions in the prefrontal cortex cause an inability to remember the 2nd of two items in a set. As well, the rats showed increased [[corticosterone]] while experiencing stress during a serial memory task. On the other hand, rat studies have also shown that lesions in the hippocampal regions cause an inability to remember the 1st of two items. Furthermore, these rats do not show an increase in their corticosterone while experiencing stress, demonstrating differing effects for differing brain regions. <ref name=Chauveau />
Generally, it has been found that the [[left hemisphere]] is better at serial processing and serial memory comparisons than the [[right hemisphere]]. These processes may be more related to the lateralization of left hemispheric functions rather than right hemispheric ones. <ref name=Boyle />
