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In other words, the [[probability distribution|joint distribution]] factors into a product of conditional distributions. The graph structure indicates direct dependencies among random variables. Any two nodes that are not in a descendant/ancestor relationship are [[Conditional independence|conditionally independent]] given the values of their parents.
 
This type of graphical model is known as a directed graphical model, [[Bayesian network]], or belief network. Classic [[Machinemachine learning|Machinemachine learning]] methods like [[hidden Markov models|hidden Markov models]] or [[neural networks|neural networks]] can be considered as special cases of Bayesian networks.
 
There are also undirected graphical models, generally called [[Markov random fields|Markov random fields]] or [[Markov networks|Markov networks]]..