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*[[Space–time block code]]s (STBCs)<ref name="alamouti">{{cite journal|author=S.M. Alamouti|title=A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications|journal=IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications|pages=1451–1458|volume=16|issue=8|month=October | year=1998|doi=10.1109/49.730453}}</ref><ref name="orthog">{{cite journal|author=Vahid Tarokh, Hamid Jafarkhani, and A. R. Calderbank|title=Space–time block codes from orthogonal designs|journal=[[IEEE Transactions on Information Theory]]|pages=1456–1467|volume=45|issue=5|month=July | year=1999|url=http://www.mast.queensu.ca/~math800/W03/papers/TrkhJafarkCldb_IT99.pdf|doi=10.1109/18.771146}}</ref> act on a block of data at once (similarly to [[block code]]s).
STC may be further subdivided according to whether the receiver knows the [[channel (communications)|channel]] impairments. In [[coherent space-time code|coherent STC]], the receiver knows the channel impairments through training or some other form of estimation. These codes have been studied more widely,
In noncoherent STC the receiver does not know the channel impairments but knows the statistics of the channel.<ref name="hm">{{cite journal|author=Marzetta, T.L. and Hochwald, B.M.|title=Capacity of a mobile multiple-antenna communication link in Rayleigh flat fading|journal=IEEE Transactions of Information Theory|month=January | year=1999|volume=45|issue=1|pages=139–157|doi=10.1109/18.746779}}</ref> In [[differential space–time code]]s neither the channel nor the statistics of the channel are available.<ref name="jsac">{{cite journal|author=V. Tarokh and [[Hamid Jafarkhani|H. Jafarkhani]]|title=A Differential Detection Scheme for Transmit Diversity|journal=IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications|month=July | year=2000|volume=18|issue=7|doi=10.1109/49.857917|pages=1169–1174}}</ref>
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