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==Biografia==

Windthorst nacque al [[maniero]] di [[Kaldenhof]] in quella che oggi è la cittadina di [[Ostercappeln]], nel territorio dell'ex [[Diocesi di Osnabrück|principato vescovile di Osnabrück]], [[secolarizzazione|secolarizzato]] nel 1803 sotto l'[[elettorato di Hannover]]. La sua famiglia era [[cattolica]] ed aveva in passato servito in ruoli d'importanza i vescovi-principi. Suo padre morì nel 1822, quando Ludwig aveva dieci anni. Studiò presso il [[Gymnasium Carolinum]] di [[Osnabrück]] whiche hedal left1830 withstudiò excellent ''[[Abiturlegge]]'' exams,alle anduniversità from 1830 studied law at the universities ofdi [[University of Göttingen|GöttingenGottinga]] ande [[Heidelberg University|Heidelberg]]. Influenced by the rise of [[Liberalism in Germany|liberalism]] during the ''[[Vormärz]]'' era and the 1832 [[Hambach Festival]] as well as by the Catholic theologian [[Georg Hermes]], Windthorst tried to bring his Catholic confession in accordance with the ideals of liberty, civil rights and national unity.

[[Image:Windthorst-Gedenkstaette.jpg|thumb|upright|Memorial at Kaldenhof]]

In 1836, Windthorst settled down as an advocate in Osnabrück: his abilities soon procured him a considerable practice, and he was appointed president of the Catholic consistory in 1842. Though socially disadvantaged, the Catholics had remained loyal to the ruling [[House of Hanover]] during the 1837 insurrection of the [[Göttingen Seven]] against King [[Ernest Augustus I of Hanover|Ernest Augustus I]], and in 1848 Windthorst received an appointment at the supreme court of appeal (''Oberappellationsgericht'') for the [[Kingdom of Hanover]] at [[Celle]]. The [[Revolutions of 1848 in the German states|March Revolution]] opened for him—as for so many of his contemporaries—the way to public life and though he failed to gain a mandate for the [[Frankfurt Parliament|Frankfurt Assembly]], he was elected representative for his native district in the second chamber of the reformed Hanoverian parliament in 1849. He belonged to what was called the [[German question|Greater German]] party, and opposed the project of reconstituting [[German Confederation|Germany]] under the leadership of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]. He defended the government against the liberal and democratic opposition; and, at this time, he began his struggle against the secularization of schools, which continued throughout his life.