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===Mortality and health===
<!-- [[File:Lioness_with_giraffe_kill,_jackal_lurking,_kenya,_august_9th_2012.jpg|thumb|right|Lioness seen with adult giraffe kill]] -->
Giraffes have an unusually long lifespan compared to other ruminants,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Müller, D.W.; Zerbe, P; Codron, D; Clauss, M; Hatt, J.M.|year=2011|title=A long life among ruminants: giraffids and other special cases|journal=Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde|volume=153|issue=11|pages=515–519|pmid=22045457|doi=10.1024/0036-7281/a000263}}</ref> up to 25 years in the wild.<ref name= "MacDonald"/> Because of their size, eyesight and powerful kicks, adult giraffes are usually not subject to predation.<ref name=estes/> However, they can fall prey to [[lion]]s and are regular prey for them in [[Kruger National Park]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Owen-Smith, N.; Mills, M. G.|year=2008|title= Predator-prey size relationships in an African large-mammal food web|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=77|issue=1|pages= 173–83|pmid= 18177336|url= http://137.215.9.22/bitstream/handle/2263/9023/Owen-Smith_Predator-prey(2008).pdf?sequence=1|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01314.x}}</ref> [[Nile crocodile]]s can also be a threat to giraffes when they bend down to drink.<ref name=Williams/>{{rp|31}} Calves are much more vulnerable than adults, and are additionally preyed on by [[leopard]]s, [[spotted hyena]]s and [[Lycaon pictus|wild dogs]].<ref name="Prothero 2003"/> A quarter to a half of giraffe calves reach adulthood.