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'''Geometric complexity theory (GCT)''', is a research program in [[computational complexity theory]] proposed by [[Ketan Mulmuley]]. The goal of the program is to answer the most famous open problem in computer science – [[P versus NP problem|whether P = NP]] – by showing that the complexity class [[P (complexity) | P]] is not equal to the complexity class [[NP (complexity) | NP]].
The idea behind the approach is to adopt and develop advanced tools in [[algebraic geometry]] and [[representation theory]] (i.e., [[geometric invariant theory]]) to prove lower bounds for problems. Currently the main focus of the program is on [[Arithmetic circuit complexity#Algebraic P and NP | algebraic complexity]] classes. Proving that [[computing the permanent]] cannot be efficiently [[Reduction (complexity)|reduced]] to computing [[determinant]]s is considered to be a major milestone for the program. These computational problems can be characterized by their [[symmetry (mathematics) | symmetries]]. The program aims at utilizing these symmetries for proving lower bounds.
The approach is often considered the only viable currently active program to separate [[P (complexity) | P]] from [[NP (complexity) | NP]]. However, according to Mulmuley the program is likely to take hundreds of years before it can settle the [[P vs. NP]] problem.
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