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The heat and current of the electrical arc across the contacts creates specific cone & crater formations from metal migration. In addition to the physical contact damage, there appears also a coating of carbon and other matter. This degradation drastically limits the overall operating life of a relay or contactor to a range of perhaps 100,000 operations, a level representing 1% or less than the mechanical life expectancy of the same device.<ref>{{cite web | title = Lab Note #105 ''Contact Life - Unsuppressed vs. Suppressed Arcing'' | author= | publisher = Arc Suppression Technologies | date = August 2011 | url = http://www.arcsuppressiontechnologies.com/
==Semiconductor failures==
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