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==Complications==
Complications are less frequent in comparison to a [[cervical conization|cold knife conization]], but can include [[infection]] and [[hemorrhage]].
Complications are less frequent in comparison to a [[cervical conization|cold knife conization]], but can include [[infection]] and [[hemorrhage]]. Damage to the cervical [[stroma (animal tissue)|stroma]] may lead to cervical stenosis or [[cervical incompetence|incompetence]]. A study with surveys to patients has indicated that the LEEP does not appear to affect [[fertility]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Turlington WT, Wright BD, Powell JL |title=Impact of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure on future fertility |journal=J Reprod Med |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=815–8 |year=1996 |month=November |pmid=8951130 }}</ref> On the other hand, a [[case-control study]] has found an association between surgical treatment of CIN lesions and risk of [[female infertility|infertility]] or subfertility, with an odds ratio of approximately 2.<ref>{{cite pmid|23489374}}</ref> Scarring of the cervix is a theoretical mechanism of causing trouble conceiving. This scar tissue can be massaged or broken up in a number of ways, thus allowing the cervical opening to dilate back to normal size. However, a study in 2007 indicated that LEEP appears to increase the risk of [[premature rupture of the membranes]] during subsequent pregnancies which may lead to preterm delivery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://women.webmd.com/news/20040504/cervix-treatment-may-endanger-pregnancy-later|title=Cervix Treatment May Endanger Pregnancy Later 'Watch and Wait' or Laser Are Often Best Options for Cervical Dysplasia |accessdate=2007-12-28 |last=Davis |first=Jeanie L. }}</ref>▼
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A cohort study came to the result that women with a time interval from LEEP to pregnancy of less than 12 months compared with 12 months or more were at significantly increased risk for spontaneous abortion, with risk of spontaneous abortion of 18% compared with 4.6%, respectively.<ref name=Chescheir2013>{{cite doi|10.1097/01.AOG.0000435454.31850.79}}</ref> On the other hand, no increased risk was identified for [[preterm birth]] after LEEP.<ref name=Chescheir2013/>
==See also==
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