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{{AFC submission|d|reason|3=Thanks for the writing, it looks like the article subject more than qualifies for inclusion.
This rejection is a formal step to ensure reviewer comments are read and followed.|declinets=20131117082203|decliner=Gryllida|ts=20131018200040|u=Fsixtyfour|ns=5}}
{{afc comment|The article content seems to be OK, but there is a complete lack of referencing for anything but the history section. The article is mostly about modern image processing for particle analysis and it needs references to the approaches discussed. --[[User:Mark viking|Mark viking]] ([[User talk:Mark viking|talk]]) 16:05, 28 October 2013 (UTC)}}▼
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'''Imaging particle analysis'''
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Imaging particle analysis is a technique for making particle measurements using [[digital imaging]], one of the techniques defined by the broader term [[particle size analysis]]. The measurements that can be made include [[particle size]], particle shape (morphology or [[shape analysis (digital geometry)|shape analysis]] and [[grayscale]] or [[RGB color model#Numeric representations|color]], as well as distributions (graphs) of [[Population (statistics)|statistical population]] measurements.
== Description and history ==
Imaging particle analysis uses the techniques common to [[image analysis]] or [[image processing]] for the analysis of particles. Particles are defined here per [[particle size analysis]] as particulate solids, and thereby not including atomic or sub-atomic particles. Furthermore, this article is limited to [[real image|real images]] (optically formed), as opposed to "synthetic" (computed) images ([[computed tomography]], [[confocal microscopy]], SIM and other [[super resolution microscopy]] techniques, etc.).
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Beginning in the late 1800's<ref name="Tissandier1877">{{cite book|author=Gaston Tissandier|title=A History and Handbook of Photography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lWo9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1|year=1877|publisher=Sampson, Low, Marston, Low, & Searle|pages=1}}</ref> with the availability of [[photographic plate|photographic plates]], it became possible to capture microscope images permanently on film or paper, making measurements easier to acquire by simply using a scaled ruler on the hard copy image. While this significantly speeded up the acquisition of particle measurements, it was still a tedious, labor intensive process, which not only made it difficult to measure statistically significant particle populations, but also still introduced some degree of human error to the process.
Finally, beginning roughly in the late 1970's, [[Charge-coupled device|CCD digital sensors]] for capturing images and computers which could process those images, began to revolutionize the process by using [[digital imaging]]. Although the actual algorithms for performing [[digital image processing]] had been around for some time, it was not until the significant computing power needed to perform these analyses became available at reasonable prices that digital imaging techniques could be brought to bear in the mainstream. The first dynamic imaging particle analysis system was patented in 1982
As faster computing resources became available at lowered costs, the task of making measurements from microscope images of particles could now be performed automatically by machine without human intervention, making it possible to measure significantly larger numbers of particles in much less time.
== Image acquisition methods ==
The basic process by which imaging particle analysis is carried out is as follows:
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Imaging particle analyzers can be subdivided into two distinct types, static and dynamic, based upon the image acquisition methods. While the basic principles are the same, the methods of image acquisition are different in nature, and each has advantages and disadvantages.
=== Static imaging particle analysis ===
Static image acquisition is the most common form. Almost all microscopes can be easily adapted to accept a digital camera via a [[C mount]] adaptor. This type of set-up is often referred to as a [[digital microscope]], although many systems using that name are used only for displaying an image on a [[Video monitor#video display|monitor]].
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The major advantages to static particle imaging systems are the use of standard microscope systems and simplicity of [[depth of field]] considerations. Since these systems can be made from any standard optical microscope, they may be a lower cost approach for people who already have microscopes. More important, though, is that microscope-based systems have less depth of field issues generally versus dynamic imaging systems. This is because the sample is placed on a microscope slide, and then usually covered with a [[cover slip]], thus limiting the plane containing the particles relative to the [[optical axis]]. This means that more particles will be in acceptable focus at high magnifications.
=== Dynamic imaging particle analysis ===
[[File:Basic flow through diag on white.png|thumb|Diagram showing flow-through architecture for dynamic imaging particle anaysis.]]In Dynamic image acquisition, large amounts of sample are imaged by moving the sample past the microscope optics and using [[flash (photography)#High speed flash|high speed flash]] illumination to effectively "freeze" the motion of the sample. The flash is [[synchronization|synchronized]] with a high [[shutter speed]] in the camera to further prevent motion blur. In a dry particle system, the particles are dispensed from a shaker table and fall by gravity past the optical system. In fluid imaging particle analysis systems, the liquid is passed perpendicular past the optical axis by use of a narrow flow cell as shown at right.
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== References ==
<!--- See
{{Reflist}}
▲[[:Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]
[[:Category:Laboratory equipment]]
[[:Category:Counting instruments]]
▲{{afc comment|The article content seems to be OK, but there is a complete lack of referencing for anything but the history section. The article is mostly about modern image processing for particle analysis and it needs references to the approaches discussed. --[[User:Mark viking|Mark viking]] ([[User talk:Mark viking|talk]]) 16:05, 28 October 2013 (UTC)}}
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