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There were four total groups in this paradigm. First, the control group (Saline-Saline) were administered with saline right before the [[Learning|acquisition]] of the memory and again before the [[Memory retention|retention]] test. The second group (Muscimol-Muscimol) had muscimol administrations again just before acquisition and retention. Because muscimol treatments would cause inactivation both before the learning trial and at the time of testing, results showed that the freezing behaviours did not greatly differ from the control group. These observations allowed the researchers to infer that there is indeed a non-hippocampal system of memory at work when the hippocampus is inactivated. The third group (Mucsimol-Saline) was the most crucial to this study, as results demonstrated that mucsimol injections immediately before acquisition and saline injections immediately before retention resulted in a significantly lower level of freezing in rats. These results would ultimately suggest that memory that was consolidated by non-hippocampal systems when the hippocampus was inactive was subsequently competing with the hippocampus once it was active again. Lastly, the fourth group (saline-mucsimol) allowed the researchers to mimic the effects of post-training hippocampal lesions, where rats were administered with saline prior to acquisition and mucsimol prior to retention.
===Impact===
One of the major implications that this model illustrates is the dominant effects of the hippocampus on non-hippocampal networks when information is incongruent. With this information in mind, future directions could lead towards the study of these non-hippocampal memory systems through hippocampal inactivation, further expanding the labile constructs of memory. Additionally, many theories of memory are holistically based around the hippocampus. This model could add beneficial information to hippocampal research and memory theories such as the [[multiple trace theory]]. Lastly, the between-system memory interference model allows researchers to evaluate their results on a [[Systems neuroscience|multiple-systems model]], suggesting that some effects may not be simply mediated by one portion of the brain.
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==References==
* Sparks F.T., Lehmann H., Sutherland R.J. (2011) Between-systems memory interference during retrieval. European Journal of Neuroscience 34, 780–786.
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