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The basic process by which imaging particle analysis is carried out is as follows:
# A digital camera captures an image of the [[field of view]] in the optical system.
# A gray scale [[Thresholding (image processing)|thresholding]] process is used to perform [[Image segmentation#Thresholding|image segmentation]], segregating out the particles from the background, creating a [[binary image]] of each particle.<ref name=Gonzalez>{{cite book|last=Gonzalez|first=Rafael C.|title=Digital Image Processing|year=2002|publisher=Pearson Education|isbn=8178086298|pages=595-611|coauthors=Woods, Richard E.}}</ref><ref name="Sankur2004">{{cite journal|last1=Sankur|first1=Bu¨lent|title=Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation|journal=Journal of Electronic Imaging|volume=13|issue=1|year=2004|pages=146|issn=1017-9909|doi=10.1117/1.1631315}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal|title=A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms|journal=IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics|volume=9|issue=1|year=1979|pages=62–66|issn=0018-9472|doi=10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076}}</ref>
# [[Digital image processing]] techniques are used to perform [[image analysis]] operations, resulting in morphological and grey-scale measurements to be stored for each particle.
# The measurements saved for each particle are then used to generate image population statistics, or as inputs to algorithms for filtering and sorting the particles into groups of similar types. In some systems, sophisticated [[pattern recognition]] techniques may also be employed in order to separate different particle types contained in a heterogeneous sample.
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