First-class constraint: Difference between revisions

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In general, one cannot rule out "[[ergodic]]" flows (which basically means that an orbit is dense in some open set), or "subergodic" flows (which an orbit dense in some submanifold of dimension greater than the orbit's dimension). We can't have [[self-intersecting]] orbits.
 
For most "practical" applications of first-class constraints, we do not see such complications: the [[Quotient space (topology)|quotient space]] of the restricted subspace by the f-flows (in other words, the orbit space) is well behaved enough to act as a [[differentiable manifold]], which can be turned into a [[symplectic manifold]] by projecting the [[symplectic form]] of M onto it (this can be shown to be [[well defined]]). In light of the observation about physical observables mentioned earlier, we can work with this more "physical" smaller symplectic manifold, but with 2n fewer dimensions.
 
In general, the quotient space is a bit "nasty" to work with when doing concrete calculations (not to mention nonlocal when working with [[diffeomorphism constraint]]s), so what is usually done instead is something similar. Note that the restricted submanifold is a [[bundle]] (but not a [[fiber bundle]] in general) over the quotient manifold. So, instead of working with the quotient manifold, we can work with a [[Section (category theory)|section]] of the bundle instead. This is called [[gauge fixing]].