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=== Resources in RDF ===
 
In 1999, [[Resource Description Framework | RDF]] introduces the next step towards generalized use of abstract resources. RDF was first intended to describe resources, in other words to declare [[metadata]] of resources in a standard way. A RDF description of a resource is a set of triples (Subject''subject'', Property''predicate'', Object''object''), where Subject''subject'' represents the resource to be described, Property''predicate'' a type of attributeproperty relevant to this resource, whereas Object''object'' can be data or another resource. PropertyThe ''predicate'' itself is considered as a resource and identified by a URI. Hence, attributesproperties like "title", "author" are represented in RDF as resources, which can be used, in a recursive way, as Subject''subject'' of other triples.
Building on this recursive principle, RDF vocabularies, such as [[RDFS]], [[Web Ontology Language | OWL]], and [[SKOS]] will pile up definitions of abstract resources such as classes, properties, concepts, all identified by URIs.