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Encapsulation is the packing of data and functions into a single component. The features of encapsulation are supported using classes in most object-oriented programming languages, although other alternatives also exist. It allows selective hiding of properties and methods in an object by building an impenetrable wall to protect the code from accidental corruption. Encapsulation, [[Inheritance (computer science)|inheritance]], and [[Polymorphism (computer science)|polymorphism]] are the three pillars of object-oriented programming .
In programming languages, <!-- [[object-oriented programming language]]--> <!-- and related fields, like [[OODMBS]],--> '''encapsulation''' is used to refer to one of two related but distinct notions, and sometimes to the combination<ref>Michael Lee Scott, ''Programming language pragmatics'', Edition 2, Morgan Kaufmann, 2006, ISBN 0-12-633951-1, p. 481: "Encapsulation mechanisms enable the programmer to group data and the subroutines that operate on them together in one place, and to hide irrelevant details from the users of an abstraction."</ref><ref name=Dale>Nell B. Dale, Chip Weems, ''Programming and problem solving with Java'', Edition 2, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2007, ISBN 0-7637-3402-0, p. 396</ref> thereof:
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