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| [[Area]]<br> - Total <br> - % water
| [[List of countries by area|Ranked 194th]] <br> 0.44 [[square kilometre|
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| [[Population]]
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| [[List of countries by population|Ranked 194th]]
<br> 890
<br> 2023/
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| [[Independence]]
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| [[Top-level ___domain|Internet TLD]]
| [[.va|.VA]]
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| [[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]
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It is supposed that this originally uninhabited part of [[Rome]] (the ''ager vaticanus'') had always been considered sacred, even before the arrival of [[Christianity]]. In [[326]] the first church was built on the supposed site of the tomb of [[Saint Peter]], and from then on the area started to become more populated.
[[Pope]]s in their secular role gradually extended their control over neighbouring regions and through the [[Papal States]] ruled a large portion of the [[Italy|Italian]] peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid [[19th century]], when most of the territory of the Papal States was seized by the [[Italian unification|newly united]] Kingdom of Italy.
In [[1870]], the Pope's holdings were further circumscribed when [[Rome]] itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved on [[February 11]], [[1929]] by three [[Lateran treaties]], which established the independent state of the Vatican City and granted [[Roman Catholicism]] special status in Italy. In [[1984]], a new concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion.
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''Main article: [[Politics of the Vatican City]]''
The Vatican is technically a rare case of a non-hereditary [[elective monarchy]]; the monarch, the [[Pope]], being elected for life by those [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]]s under the age of 80 during a [[papal election|Conclave]] (held in the [[Sistine Chapel]]).
The term "[[Holy See]]" refers to the composite of the authority, jurisdiction, and sovereignty vested in the Pope and his advisers to direct the worldwide [[Roman Catholic Church]]. As the "central government" of the Roman Catholic Church, the Holy See has a legal personality that allows it to enter into treaties as the juridical equal of a state. The Pope delegates the internal administration of the Vatican City to the Pontifical Commission for the State of the Vatican City. The legal system is based on canon, or ecclesiastical, law; if [[canon law]] is not applicable the laws of the city of [[Rome]] apply.
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Almost all of Vatican City's 890 citizens live inside the Vatican's walls. The Vatican citizenry consists mostly of [[clergy]], including high dignitaries, priests, nuns, as well as the famous [[Swiss Guard]], a voluntary military force. There are also about 3,000 lay workers who comprise the majority of the Vatican work force, but who reside outside the Vatican.
The official language is [[Latin language|Latin]], the otherwise extinct language that originated in Rome and has remained in use in the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. [[Italian language|Italian]] and, to a lesser extent, other languages are generally used for most conversations, publications and broadcasts.
== Culture ==
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