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'''Synthetic Genetic Array analysis (SGA)''' is a [[high-throughput screening|high-throughput]] technique for exploring [[synthetic lethality|synthetic lethal]] and synthetic sick [[genetic interactions]] ([[Synthetic lethality|SSL]]).<ref name="H. Tong 2001">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Tong | first1 = A. H. Y.
| last2 = Evangelista | first2 = M.
| last3 = Parsons | first3 = A. B.
| last4 = Xu | first4 = H.
| last5 = Bader | first5 = G. D.
| last6 = Pagé | first6 = N.
| last7 = Robinson | first7 = M.
| last8 = Raghibizadeh | first8 = S.
| last9 = Hogue | first9 = C. W.
| last10 = Bussey | first10 = H.
| last11 = Andrews | first11 = B.
| last12 = Tyers | first12 = M.
| last13 = Boone | first13 = C.
| title = Systematic Genetic Analysis with Ordered Arrays of Yeast Deletion Mutants
| doi = 10.1126/science.1065810
| journal = Science
| volume = 294
| issue = 5550
| pages = 2364–2368
| year = 2001
| pmid = 11743205
| pmc =
}}</ref> SGA allows for the systematic construction of double mutants using a combination of [[Recombinant DNA|recombinant genetic techniques]], mating and selection steps. Using SGA methodology a query gene deletion mutant can be crossed to an entire genome deletion set to identify any [[synthetic lethality|SSL]] interactions, yielding functional information of the query gene and the genes it interacts with. A large-scale application of SGA in which ~130 query genes were crossed to the set of ~5000 viable deletion mutants in yeast revealed a genetic network containing ~1000 genes and ~4000 SSL interactions.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Tong | first1 = A. H. Y.
| last2 = Lesage | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bader | first3 = G. D.
| last4 = Ding | first4 = H.
| last5 = Xu | first5 = H.
| last6 = Xin | first6 = X.
| last7 = Young | first7 = J.
| last8 = Berriz | first8 = G. F.
| last9 = Brost | first9 = R. L.
| last10 = Chang | first10 = M.
| last11 = Chen | first11 = Y.
| last12 = Cheng | first12 = X.
| last13 = Chua | first13 = G.
| last14 = Friesen | first14 = H.
| last15 = Goldberg | first15 = D. S.
| last16 = Haynes | first16 = J.
| last17 = Humphries | first17 = C.
| last18 = He | first18 = G.
| last19 = Hussein | first19 = S.
| last20 = Ke | first20 = L.
| last21 = Krogan | first21 = N.
| last22 = Li | first22 = Z.
| last23 = Levinson | first23 = J. N.
| last24 = Lu | first24 = H.
| last25 = Ménard | first25 = P.
| last26 = Munyana | first26 = C.
| last27 = Parsons | first27 = A. B.
| last28 = Ryan | first28 = O.
| last29 = Tonikian | first29 = R.
| last30 = Roberts | first30 = T.
| title = Global Mapping of the Yeast Genetic Interaction Network
| doi = 10.1126/science.1091317
| journal = Science
| volume = 303
| issue = 5659
| pages = 808–813
| year = 2004
| pmid = 14764870
| pmc =
}}</ref> The results of this study showed that genes with similar function tend to interact with one another and genes with similar patterns of genetic interactions often encode products that tend to work in the same pathway or complex. Synthetic Genetic Array analysis was initially developed using the model organism ''[[S.cerevisiae]]''. This method has since been extended to cover 30% of the ''S. cerevisiae'' genome.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Costanzo | first1 = M.
| last2 = Baryshnikova | first2 = A.
| last3 = Bellay | first3 = J.
| last4 = Kim | first4 = Y.
| last5 = Spear | first5 = E. D.
| last6 = Sevier | first6 = C. S.
| last7 = Ding | first7 = H.
| last8 = Koh | first8 = J. L. Y.
| last9 = Toufighi | first9 = K.
| last10 = Mostafavi
| doi = 10.1126/science.1180823 | first10 = S.
| last11 = Prinz | first11 = J.
| last12 = St Onge | first12 = R. P.
| last13 = Vandersluis | first13 = B.
| last14 = Makhnevych | first14 = T.
| last15 = Vizeacoumar | first15 = F. J.
| last16 = Alizadeh | first16 = S.
| last17 = Bahr | first17 = S.
| last18 = Brost | first18 = R. L.
| last19 = Chen | first19 = Y.
| last20 = Cokol | first20 = M.
| last21 = Deshpande | first21 = R.
| last22 = Li | first22 = Z.
| last23 = Lin | first23 = Z. -Y.
| last24 = Liang | first24 = W.
| last25 = Marback | first25 = M.
| last26 = Paw | first26 = J.
| last27 = San Luis | first27 = B. -J.
| last28 = Shuteriqi | first28 = E.
| last29 = Tong | first29 = A. H. Y.
| last30 = Van Dyk | first30 = N.
| title = The Genetic Landscape of a Cell
| journal = Science
| volume = 327
| issue = 5964
| pages = 425–431
| year = 2010
| pmid = 20093466
| pmc =
}}</ref> Methodology has since been developed to allow SGA analysis in ''[[Schizosaccharomyces pombe|S.pombe]]''<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Roguev | first1 = A.
| last2 = Wiren | first2 = M.
| last3 = Weissman | first3 = J. S.
| last4 = Krogan | first4 = N. J.
| title = High-throughput genetic interaction mapping in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
| doi = 10.1038/nmeth1098
| journal = Nature Methods
| volume = 4
| issue = 10
| pages = 861–866
| year = 2007
| pmid = 17893680
| pmc =
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Dixon | first1 = S. J.
| last2 = Fedyshyn | first2 = Y.
| last3 = Koh | first3 = J. L. Y.
| last4 = Prasad | first4 = T. S. K.
| last5 = Chahwan | first5 = C.
| last6 = Chua | first6 = G.
| last7 = Toufighi | first7 = K.
| last8 = Baryshnikova | first8 = A.
| last9 = Hayles | first9 = J.
| last10 = Hoe
| doi = 10.1073/pnas.0806261105 | first10 = K. -L.
| last11 = Kim | first11 = D. -U.
| last12 = Park | first12 = H. -O.
| last13 = Myers | first13 = C. L.
| last14 = Pandey | first14 = A.
| last15 = Durocher | first15 = D.
| last16 = Andrews | first16 = B. J.
| last17 = Boone | first17 = C.
| title = Significant conservation of synthetic lethal genetic interaction networks between distantly related eukaryotes
| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
| volume = 105
| issue = 43
| pages = 16653–16658
| year = 2008
| pmid = 18931302
| pmc =2575475
}}</ref> and ''E.coli''.<ref>{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1038/nmeth.1240
| last1 = Typas | first1 = A.
| last2 = Nichols | first2 = R. J.
| last3 = Siegele | first3 = D. A.
| last4 = Shales | first4 = M.
| last5 = Collins | first5 = S. R.
| last6 = Lim | first6 = B.
| last7 = Braberg | first7 = H.
| last8 = Yamamoto | first8 = N.
| last9 = Takeuchi | first9 = R.
| last10 = Wanner | first10 = B. L.
| last11 = Mori | first11 = H.
| last12 = Weissman | first12 = J. S.
| last13 = Krogan | first13 = N. J.
| last14 = Gross | first14 = C. A.
| title = High-throughput, quantitative analyses of genetic interactions in E. Coli
| journal = Nature methods
| volume = 5
| issue = 9
| pages = 781–787
| year = 2008
| pmid = 19160513
| pmc = 2700713
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Butland | first1 = G.
| last2 = Babu | first2 = M.
| last3 = Díaz-Mejía | first3 = J. J.
| last4 = Bohdana | first4 = F.
| last5 = Phanse | first5 = S.
| last6 = Gold | first6 = B.
| last7 = Yang | first7 = W.
| last8 = Li | first8 = J.
| last9 = Gagarinova | first9 = A. G.
| last10 = Pogoutse
| doi = 10.1038/nmeth.1239 | first10 = O.
| last11 = Mori | first11 = H.
| last12 = Wanner | first12 = B. L.
| last13 = Lo | first13 = H.
| last14 = Wasniewski | first14 = J.
| last15 = Christopolous | first15 = C.
| last16 = Ali | first16 = M.
| last17 = Venn | first17 = P.
| last18 = Safavi-Naini | first18 = A.
| last19 = Sourour | first19 = N.
| last20 = Caron | first20 = S.
| last21 = Choi | first21 = J. Y.
| last22 = Laigle | first22 = L.
| last23 = Nazarians-Armavil | first23 = A.
| last24 = Deshpande | first24 = A.
| last25 = Joe | first25 = S.
| last26 = Datsenko | first26 = K. A.
| last27 = Yamamoto | first27 = N.
| last28 = Andrews | first28 = B. J.
| last29 = Boone | first29 = C.
| last30 = Ding | first30 = H.
| title = ESGA: E. Coli synthetic genetic array analysis
| journal = Nature Methods
| volume = 5
| issue = 9
| pages = 789–795
| year = 2008
| pmid = 18677321
| pmc =
}}</ref>
[[Image:Yeast colonies array 1536 format.jpg|thumb|300px|Arrayed yeast showing synthetic lethal interactions. Synthetic lethal interactions are those pairs of colonies with reduced or no growth.]]
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