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'''Managing up and managing down''' is studied as part of management studies as how a middle manager should effectively deal with his or her manager and with his or her subordinates. Additionally, managing up on its own may be a useful skill for a subordinate who in turn does not manage anyone. It is generally considered to be distinct from "[[sucking up]]" or "[[kissing up]]" to the manager and "[[kicking down]]" to subordinates as it involves benign above board [[social influence|influencing]] rather than underhand [[Psychological manipulation|manipulation]].<ref>Turk W (2007) Defense AT&L: March-April The Art of Managing Up</ref><ref name=Johnson>Johnson W (15 Dec 2014)
== Managing up ==
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== Managing down ==
It is claimed that good managing down requires the following attributes:<ref>Ward ME, Zambito J (Nov 2013) The Bulletin
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* Organization skills
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