Modality (human–computer interaction): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:20, 21 April 2015

Revision as of 23:46, 21 April 2015

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A system is designated unimodel if it has only one modality implemented, and multimodel if it has more than one.<ref name="HCI Overview2" /> When multiple modalities are available for some tasks or aspects of a task, the system is said to have overlapping modalities. If multiple modalities are available for a task, the system is said to have redundant modalities. Multiple modalities can be used in combination to provide complimentary methods that may be redundant but convey information more effectively.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification|last = Palanque|first = Philippe|publisher = Springer Science & Business Media|year = 2001|isbn = 9783540416630|___location = |pages = 43|last2 = Paterno|first2 = Fabio|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RddIwyhAvDAC&dq=}}</ref> Modalities can be generally defined in two forms: human-computer and computer-human modalities.

==Computer–Human Modalities==

Any human sense can be used as a computer to human modality. The following are examples of modalities and their implementations through which a computer could send information to a human:

* Common modalities

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** [[Equilibrioception]] (balance)

TheAny human sense can be used as a computer to human modality. However, the modalities of [[visual perception|seeing]] and [[hearing (sense)|hearing]] are the most commonly employed since they are capable of transmitting more information at a higher speed than other modalities, 250 to 300<ref name=Ziefle98>{{cite journal|last1=Ziefle|first1=M|title=Effects of display resolution on visual performance.|journal=Human factors|date=December 1998|volume=40|issue=4|pages=554–68|pmid=9974229}}</ref> and 150 to 160<ref>Williams, J. R. (1998). Guidelines for the use of multimedia in instruction, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 42nd Annual Meeting, 1447–1451</ref> [[words per minute]], respectively. Though not commonly implemented as computer-human modality, tactition can achieve an average of 125 wpm <ref>{{cite web|title=Braille|url=http://www.acb.org/node/67|website=ACB|publisher=American Council of the Blind|accessdate=21 April 2015}}</ref> through the use of a [[refreshable Braille display]].

==Human–Computer Modalities==

The computer can be equipped with various types of [[input devices]] and sensors to allow it to receive information from the human. Common input devices are often interchangeable if they have a standardized method of communication with the computer and afford practical adjustments to the user.