Abu Muhammad Mahmud al-'Ayni: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 06:36, 25 mag 2014

Versione delle 06:42, 25 mag 2014

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==Biografia==

Nacque in una famiglia di studiosi nel 1361, nella città di ʿAyntāb (oggi [[Gaziantep]], in [[Turchia]]).<ref>al-ʿAynī, ''al-Sayf al-Muḥammad fī sīrat al-Malik al-Muʿayyad'', Falūm Muḥammad Shaltūt (ed.), Il Cairo, 1967.)</ref> Studiò discipline storiche, ''[[Adab]]'' e scienze religiose [[islam]]iche. Oltre alla [[lingua araba]], parlava la [[lingua turca]].<!-- Vi Theresono iselementi someper evidenceaffermare thatche heegli alsocapiva knewanche atil least[[Lingua some Persianpersiana|persiano]].<ref>Anne F. Broadbridge, "Academic Rivalry and the Patronage System in Fifteenth-Century Egypt", su: ''Mamluk Studies Review'', Vol. 3 (1999), Note 4.</ref> InNel 7881386 AHviaggiò (1386 CE)alla hevolta travelleddi to [[JerusalemGerusalemme]], wheredove heincontrò metlo the Hanafi''Shaykh'' [[shaykhhanafismo|hanafita]] al-Sayrāmī, whoche wasera thea headcapo ofdella the newly established Zāhiriyahneo-costituita ''[[madrasahMadrasa]]'' (school)al-Zāhiriyya ande della relativa ''[[khanqahkhanqa|khānqahkhānqa]]'' ([[SufiSufismo|sufi]] retreat.) Al-SayramiSayrāmī invitedinvitò al-'Ayni toad accompanyaccompagnarlo hima homecasa tosua al [[Cairo]], wheredove heegli becamedivenne oneuno ofdei theSufi Sufisdella of the ZāhiriyahZāhiriyya.<ref>[[Ibn Taghribirdi|Ibn Taghrībirdī]], ''al-Nujūm al-Zāhirahzāhira fī Mulūkmulūk MisrMiṣr wa- al-QahirahQāhira'' (Beirut, 1992.)</ref> ThisQuesto wasfu aun steppomento upwarddeterminante fornella thevita youngdel giovane al-'Ayni, ase itde representedgli entrystesso intolo "andescrive institutioncome withl'ingresso tiesin to"un'istituzione theche highestvincola levelal oflivello thepiù rulingalto elite.dell'élite dominante".<ref>Broadbridge, p. 87.</ref>

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He established a good reputation and initially met with favor. However, after al-Sayrāmī died in 790 AH (1388 CE), al-'Ayni became involved in a personality conflict with the [[amir]] [[Jārkas al-Khalīlī]], who tried to run him out of Cairo.<ref>Al-Sākhawī, ''al Daw' al-Lami it-Ahl al-Qarn al-Tasi'' (Cairo, date not given.)</ref> Al-'Ayni later described al-Khalīlī as arrogant and dictatorial – "a man pleased by his own opinion."<ref>Ibn Taghrībirdī, quoting al-'Ayni in ''al-Nujūm al-Zāhirah fī Mulūk Misr wa-al-Qahirah'' (Beirut, 1992), 4:207.</ref> He was saved from expulsion by one of his teachers, [[Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini]], but prudently decided to leave for a time anyway.<ref>Al-'Ayni, ''al-Sayf al-Muhummad'', editor's introduction, p. li.</ref>

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In the reign of Barsbāy's successor, al-Aziz Jaqmaq, al-'Ayni was dismissed as chief Hanafi ''qadi'' again. He withdrew from court and concentrated on his scholarly writing.<ref>al-Sakhāwi, ''al-Daw' '', 10:133.</ref> In 853 AH (1449 CE) he was dismissed as ''nāzir al-ahbas'', probably because of failing memory.<ref>Ibn Taghribīrdī, ''History of Egypt 1382–1467'', trans. Popper, 19:118.</ref> He died in 855 AH (1451 CE) at the age of ninety-three, having outlived all his children, and was buried in his own ''madrasah'' in Cairo.

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==Opere==

*''ʿUmdat al-qārī''<ref name="masud"/>