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In theory the lattice is infinitely large, so a weak periodic scattering potential will eventually be strong enough to reflect the wave. The scattering process results in the well known [[Bragg's law|Bragg reflections]] of electrons by the periodic potential of the [[crystal structure]]. This is the origin of the periodicity of the dispersion relation and the division of [[Reciprocal lattice|k-space]] in Brillouin zones. The periodic energy dispersion relation is expressed
as:
:<math>E_n(\bold{k}) = \frac{\hbar^2 (\bold{k} + \bold{
The <math>\bold{G}_n</math> are the [[reciprocal lattice]] vectors to which the bands{{clarification|date=November 2014}} <math>E_n(\bold{k})</math> belong.
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