Thomas Sumter: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 13:15, 25 giu 2014

Versione delle 14:26, 25 giu 2014

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==Gioventù==

Thomas Sumter nacque nella [[contea di Hanover]], [[colonia della Virginia]]. Il padre William Sumter era un immigrato gallese che gestiva una segheria. Doo aver ricevuto un'istruzione elementare, Sumter si arruolò nella milizia della Virginia.

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Thomas Sumter was born in [[Hanover County, Virginia|Hanover County]], Province of Virginia. His father, William Sumter, was an immigrant from Wales who operated a mill. Given only a rudimentary education, Sumter enlisted in the Virginia militia.

===Spedizione Timberlake===

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===Spedizione Timberlake===

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[[File:Sumter 1022.JPG|left|thumb|150px|Thomas Sumter plaque at the South Carolina statehouse]]

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On December 13, the expedition reached a series of cascades which Timberlake called "Great Falls." The party spent a day maneuvering their way down the cascades but found the Holston frozen over immediately downstream. The ice slowed them more, but rains on the night of December 14 thawed the ice, and the party passed out of the mouth of the Holston (in modern [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]]) into what is now the [[Tennessee River]] on December 15.<ref>Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 49-54.</ref>

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====Overhill====

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The expedition traveled more quickly on the Tennessee River. A hunting party led by the Cherokee chief, Slave Catcher, met the party near the mouth of the Little Tennessee River, and supplied the weary expedition with provisions of "dried venison, homminy, and boiled corn."<ref name="ReferenceA">Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 56.</ref> The following day Slave Catcher guided the expedition up the Little Tennessee, although the colonial party struggled to keep up, with Timberlake recalling, "my hands were so galled, that the blood trickled from them, and when we set out the next morning I was scarce able to handle a pole."<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The Timberlake party arrived in the Overhill town of [[Tomotley]] on December 20, where they were greeted by the town's head man, Chief [[Ostenaco]].<ref>Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 57-58.</ref>

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The party continued southward to [[Citico (Cherokee town)|Citico]], where Timberlake was greeted with a ceremonial dance involving some 400 Cherokee. Timberlake recalled that the dancers were "painted all over in a hideous manner" and that they "danced in a very uncommon figure."<ref>Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 63.</ref> The town's chief, Cheulah, presented Timberlake with a string of beads and held another pipe-smoking ceremony. The non-stop pipe smoking made Timberlake so sick that he "could not stir for several hours."<ref name="ReferenceB">Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 65.</ref> The following day, Timberlake and Ostenaco traveled to [[Chilhowee (Cherokee town)|Chilhowee]], the second southernmost of the Overhill towns on Timberlake's map, where the town's chief, Yachtino, held a peace procession similar to that held at Citico.

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====Ritorno in Virginia====

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[[File:Ostenacopainting.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Portrait of [[Ostenaco]]'' (Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]]; 1762) ]]

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The Timberlake party had decided to make the return trip overland, having purchased horses from the Cherokee. Ostenaco, accompanied by several hundred Cherokee warriors, guided the Timberlake group northward along what is now known as the [[Great Indian Warpath]], which follows the western base of the Appalachian Mountains. On March 11, the party arrived at the abandoned village of Elajoy along the [[Little River (Tennessee)|Little River]] in what is now [[Maryville, Tennessee|Maryville]], and crossed the French Broad River the following day. A week later, they reached Fort Robinson, which the Stephen garrison had abandoned but had left behind a large supply of flour. The expedition left [[Long Island (Tennessee)|Long Island-on-the-Holston]] on March 22, continuing northward to an abandoned army camp. Timberlake was disappointed to find that his belongings had been looted from a trunk. The party finally arrived in [[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg]] in early April.<ref>Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 118-129.</ref>

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===Visita a Londra===

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While in Williamsburg, Timberlake and Ostenaco attended a dinner party at [[The College of William & Mary|William & Mary College]] at which Ostenaco professed his desire to meet the king of England. Although he feared the trip would break him financially, Timberlake agreed. In May 1762, Timberlake, Sumter, and three distinguished Cherokee leaders, including Ostenaco, departed for [[London]].<ref>Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 130-133.</ref>

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Arriving in early June, the Cherokee were an immediate attraction, drawing crowds all over the city. The [[poet]] [[Oliver Goldsmith]] waited for three hours to meet the Cherokee, and offered a gift to Ostenaco.<ref>Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 136.</ref> They sat for [[Sir Joshua Reynolds]] to take their portraits,<ref>''St James Chronicle'', July 3, 1762.</ref> and they met personally with [[George III of Great Britain|King George III]].<ref>Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 143-144</ref> The Cherokee returned to North America with Sergeant Sumter on about August 25, 1762.<ref>Timberlake, Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs'', 145-147.</ref>

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==Arrivo in Carolina del Sud==

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