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[[File:Sewer overflow RI EPA.jpg|thumb|right|A [[manhole]] cover unable to contain a [[sanitary sewer overflow]].]]
[[Image:Indiasewerman.jpg|thumb|289px|Man unclogging sewer overflow, [[Chennai]], [[India]]]] ▼
'''Sanitary sewer overflow''' ('''SSO''') is a condition in which untreated [[sewage]] is discharged into the environment prior to reaching [[sewage treatment]] facilities. In Europe the term Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) is often used. When caused by rainfall it is also known as '''wet weather overflow'''. It is primarily meaningful in [[developed countries]], which have extensive treatment facilities. The main causes of SSO and CSO dry spills are:
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==Worldwide perspective==
▲[[Image:Indiasewerman.jpg|thumb|289px|Man unclogging sewer overflow, [[Chennai]], [[India]]]]
It is difficult to visualize the issue of SSO in perspective, since underdeveloped countries discharge most of the sewage they create as effluent into the environment. Even a highly industrialized developing country such as the [[People's Republic of China]] discharges about 55 percent of all sewage without treatment of any type.<ref>"[[World Bank]] Supports China's Wastewater Treatment", ''The People’s Daily'', November 30, 2001, Beijing</ref> In a relatively developed [[Middle East]]ern country such as [[Iran]], the majority of [[Tehran]]'s population has totally untreated sewage injected to the city’s groundwater.<ref>Massoud Tajrishy and Ahmad Abrishamchi, "Integrated Approach to Water and Wastewater Management for [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]", [[Water Conservation]], Reuse, and Recycling: Proceedings of the Iranian-American Workshop, National Academies Press (2005)</ref> In [[Venezuela]], a below-average country in [[South America]] with respect to wastewater treatment, 97 percent of the country’s [[sewage]] is discharged raw into the environment.<ref>Appropriate Technology for Sewage Pollution Control in the Wider [[Caribbean]] Region, Caribbean Environment Programme Technical Report #40 1998</ref> Most of [[sub-Saharan Africa]] is without wastewater treatment, contributing to the excessive [[infant]] death rates in that region.
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