Fear-avoidance model: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:21, 29 August 2015

Revision as of 18:47, 5 May 2016

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| year = 1983

| pmid = 6626110

}}</ref><ref name="From Acute to Chronic Back Pain">{{cite book|title=From Acute to Chronic Back Pain|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sXTZCLGjQ0cC&pg=PT282|accessdate=19 July 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-162572-5|page=282}}</ref> If an individual experiences acute discomfort and delays the situation by using avoidant behavior, a lack of pain increase [[Reinforcement|reinforces]] this behavior.<ref name="ZaretskyRichter2005">{{cite book|author1=Herbert H. Zaretsky|author2=Edwin F. Richter|author3=Myron G. Eisenberg|title=Medical Aspects Of Disability: A Handbook For The Rehabilitation Professional|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qBt94ToEExkC&pg=PA223|accessdate=19 July 2012|date=21 June 2005|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8261-7973-9|pages=223–4}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url = http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0272735898000348/1-s2.0-S0272735898000348-main.pdf?_tid=82e645a2-c8f5-11e4-8aeb-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1426191931_813b2e82c00c9352010fb992a582c418|title = Beyond pain: the role of fear and avoidance in chronicity|last = Asmundson|first = Gordon|date = 1999|journal = Clinical Psychology Review|doi = 10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00034-8|pmid = |access-date = |last2 = Norton|first2 = Peter|volume = 19|issue = 1|pages = 97-11997–119}}</ref> Increased vulnerability provides [[positive feedback]] to the perceived level of pain and rewards avoidant behavior for removing unwanted stimuli.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> If the individual perceives the pain as nonthreatening or temporary, he or she feels less anxious and confronts the pain-related situation.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|last1 = Selby|first1 = Edward|title = Avoidance of Anxiety as Self-Sabotage: How Running Away Can Bite You in the Behind|url = https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/overcoming-self-sabotage/201005/avoidance-anxiety-self-sabotage-how-running-away-can-bite-you|website = Psychology Today|accessdate = March 20, 2015}}</ref>

Avoidant behavior is healthy when encouraging the individual to avoid stressing injuries and permitting them to heal.<ref name=":1" /> However, it is harmful when discouraging the individual from activity after the injury is healed.<ref name=":1" /> The resulting hypervigilance and disability restricts normal use of the tissue and deteriorates the individual physically and mentally.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|title = Fear-avoidance model of chronic pain: the next generation|url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22673479|journal = The Clinical Journal of Pain|date = Jul 2012|access-date = 2015-04-11|issn = 1536-5409|pmid = 22673479|pages = 475-483475–483|volume = 28|issue = 6|doi = 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3182385392|first = Geert|last = Crombez|first2 = Christopher|last2 = Eccleston|first3 = Stefaan|last3 = Van Damme|first4 = Johan W. S.|last4 = Vlaeyen|first5 = Paul|last5 = Karoly}}</ref> Once the avoidant behavior is no longer reinforced, the individual exits the positive feedback loop.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> In 1993, Waddell et al. developed a Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) which showed that fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activities are strongly related to work loss.<ref name="ZaretskyRichter2005"Vlaeyen2000/><ref name=Vlaeyen2000"ZaretskyRichter2005"/><ref name=":3" />

== Examples ==

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==Criticisms==

Research involving the fear-avoidance model has leadled some to question its accuracy in representing or predicting the actual avoidance of physical activity due to negative reinforcement. In certain cases, the individual completely avoids anxiety-inducing behavior, so that the fear response never becomes directly involved. Other factors affecting the perceived level of danger and spatial awareness further complicate the model. While the fear-avoidance model may be simplistic for every situation involving fear, discomfort, and/or chronic pain, its effectiveness is generally acknowledged for diagnosing and understanding how humans positively or negatively react to fear and anxiety.<ref name=":2" />

==References==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Psychiatric models]]