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[[File:Campus Martius Park Skating rink.JPG|thumbnail|A community in [[Detroit]] ice skating.]]
'''Community-based program design''' is a social program design method that enables social service providers, organizers, designers and evaluators to serve specific communities in their own environment. This program design approach depends on the participatory approach of community development often associated with [[community practice|community-based social work]], and is often employed by [[community organizations]].<ref name="Delgado">Delgado, M. (1999). [http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112481.001.0001/acprof-9780195112481 Social work practice in nontraditional urban settings]. Oxford University Press. Oxford, New York.</ref> From this approach, program designers assess the needs and resources existing within a community, and, involving community stakeholders in the process, attempt to create a sustainable and equitable solution to address the community's needs.
Similar to traditional program design, community-based program design often utilizes a range of tools and models which are meant to enhance the efficacy and outcomes of the program’s design. The difference between traditional design and community-based design, when using these tools, is in the dynamics of the relationship between the designers, the participants, and the community as a whole. It evolved from the [[Charity Organization Society]] (COS) and the [[Settlement movement|settlement house movements]]. Formally, community-based program development has been professionalized by such disciplines as [[urban studies and planning]] and [[social work]].
One advantage is a learning experience between a consumer and a social services provider.<ref name="Advantage" /> One disadvantage is a limited availability of resources.<ref name="Disadvantage" /> The models that can be used for it are the [[Social ecological model|social-ecological model]], which provides a framework for program design,<ref name="Advantage" /> the [[logic model]], which is a graphical depiction of logical relationships between the resources, activities, outputs and outcomes of a program,<ref name="LM" /> the [[social action model]], whoses objectives are to recognize the change around us in order to preserve or improve standards, understand the social action process/model is a conceptualization of how directed change takes place, and understand how the social action model can be implemented as a successful community problem solving tool,<ref name="SAM" /> and [[Program evaluation and review technique (PERT)|program evaluation]], which involves the ongoing systematic assessment of community-based programs.
== History ==
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Community-based organizations and community-based programs burgeoned during the period of deinstitutionalization. The poor conditions of mental health institutions and an increasing amount of research that illustrated the benefits of maintaining the relationships of the individuals served within the community surfaced to further the growth of community-based programs.
Although social work has been historically defined by these institutionalized and deinstitutionalized periods, informal community design programs have always existed. In fact, informal community-based programs predate human service applications of this approach.<ref name="Delgado" /> In 1999, Melvin Delgado, a professor at the [[Boston University School of Social Work]] illustrated this point by quoting Harper (1990) regarding African-Americans' provision of health care in the community, stating: <blockquote>Blacks have always cared for the sick at home, yet it was never labeled 'home care.' Blacks have been dying at home and receiving care in the
Formally, community-based program development has been professionalized by such disciplines as [[urban studies and planning]] and [[social work]].
== Advantages and challenges ==
=== Advantages ===
Benefits of community-based program design include gaining insight into the social context of an issue or problem, mutual learning experiences between consumer and provider, broadening understanding of professional roles and responsibilities within the community, interaction with professionals from other disciplines, and opportunities for [[community-based participatory research]] projects.<ref name="Advantage">Mudarikwa, R. S., McDonnell, J. A., Whyte, S., Villanueva, E., Hill, R. A., Hart, W., & Nestel, D. (2010). Community-based practice program in a rural medical school: Benefits and challenges. 32: 990–996.</ref>
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