Problem solving environment: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:48, 6 November 2015

Revision as of 12:46, 26 December 2015

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== Purpose of PSE ==

Many PSEs were introduced in the 1990s. They use the language of the respective field and often employ modern [[graphical user interface]]s. The goal is to make the software easy to use for specialists in fields other than [[computer science]]. PSEs are available for generic problems like [[data visualization]] or large systems of equations and for narrow fields of science or engineering like [[gas turbine]] design.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~fateman/papers/pse.pdf|title = Problem solving environment and symbolic computing|date = |accessdate = 2015-11-03|website = |publisher = University of California, Berkeley|last = Richard J. Fateman|first = }}</ref>

=== History ===

The Problem Solving Environment (PSE) released a few years after the release of Fortran and Algol 60, people thought that this system with high-level language would cause elimination of professional programmers. However, surprisingly, PSE has been accepted and even though scientists used it to write programs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.netlib.org/utk/people/JackDongarra/pdf/pse-crpc-596.pdf|title = Problem Solving Environments for Parallel Scientific Computation|date = |accessdate = 2015-11-03|website = |publisher = University of Tenn./Oak Ridge National Lab|last = Jack Dongarra|first = }}</ref>

The Problem Solving Environment for Parallel Scientific Computation was introduced in 1960, where this was the first Organised Collection was introduced in 1960, where this was the first Organised Collections with minor standardisation.<ref name=":0" /> In 1970, PSE was initially researched for providing high-class programming language rather than Fortran,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url = http://www.noveltyjournals.com/journal/IJNRES/Issue-1-March-2015-August-2015/0|title = Minimizing Error in Scientific Numerical Computation|date = |accessdate = 2015-11-03|website = |publisher = International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science|last = Ibrahim Umar Haruna|first = }}</ref> also Libraries Plotting Packages advent. Development of Libraries were continued, and there were introduction of Emergence of Computational Packages and Graphical systems which is data visualisation. By 1990s, Hypertext, Point and Click had moved towards inter-operability. Moving on, a "Software Parts" Industry finally existed.<ref name=":0" />

Throughout a few decades, recently, many PSEs have been developed and to solve problem and also support users from different categories, including education, general programming, CSE software learning, job executing and Grid/Cloud computing.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url = http://www.aicit.org/dl/citation.html?id=JCIT-168|title = Review of PSE (Problem Solving Environment) Study|date = |accessdate = 2015-11-03|website = |publisher = Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Utsunomiya University|last = Shigeo Kawata|first = }}</ref>

== Examples of PSE ==

=== Grid-Based Numerical Optimisation ===

The shell software GOSPEL is an example of how a PSE can be designed for EHL modelling using a Grid resource. With the PSe, one can visualise the optimisation progress, as well as interact with other simulations.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url = http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/pkj/Papers/Conf-O/GBJS03.pdf|title = Grid-Based Numerical Optimisation in a Problem Solving Environment|date = |accessdate = 2015-11-03|website = |publisher = The University of Leeds|last = C.E. Goodyer, M. Berzins, P.K. Jimack and L.E. Scales|first = }}</ref>

The PSE parallelise and embed many individual numerical calculations in an individual numerical calculations in an industrial serial optimisation code. It is built in NAG's IRIS Explorer package to solve EHL and Parallelism problems and can use the gViz libraries, to run all the communication between the PSE and the simulation. Also use MPI, which is part of the NAG libraries, gives significant quick and better solution by combining the max. levels of continuation.<ref name=":3" />

Moreover, the system is designed to allow users to steer simulations using visualised output. An example is utilising local minima, or layering additional details when around a local in and out of the simulation and it can imagine the information which is produced in any sharp and also still allow to steer the simulation.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/vis/kwb/e-science/paper098.pdf|title = A Distributed Co-operative Problem Solving Environment|date = |accessdate = 2015-11-03|website = |publisher = The University of Leeds|last = Mark Walkley, Jason Wood, and Ken Brodlie|first = }}</ref>

=== Grid-based PSEs for mobile devices ===

PSEs are require a large amount of resources that strain even the most powerful computers of today. Translating PSEs into software that can be used for mobile devices in an important challenge that faces programmers today.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url = http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.6377&rep=rep1&type=pdf|title = Modeling a Grid-Based Problem-Solving Environment for Mobile Devices|date = |accessdate = 2015-11-03|website = |publisher = Columbus State University|last = Stan Kurkovsky, Bhagyavati, Arris Ray|first = }}</ref>

Grid computing is seen as a solution to the rescue issues of PSEs for mobile devices. This is made possible through a "Brokering Service". This service is started by an initiating device that sends the necessary information for PSE to resolve task. The brokering service then breaks this down into subtasks that distributes the information to various subordinate devices that perform these subtasks.<ref name=":4" /> The brokering necessitates an Active Agent Repository (AAR) and a Task Allocation Table (TAT) that both work to manage the subtasks. A keep-Alive Server is tapped to handle communication between the brokering service and the subordinate devices. The Keep-Alive server relies on a lightweight client application installed in the participating mobile devices.

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=== P-NCAS ===

A computer-assisted parallel program generation support(P-NCAS), is a PSE, creates a new way to reduce the programming hard task for the computer programming. This program can avoid or reduce the chance that huge computer software breaking down so this restrict uncertainty and major accidents in the society. Moreover, partial differential equations(PDEs) problems can be solved by parallel programs which are generated by P-NCAS supports. P-NCAS employs the Single Program Multi Data (SPMD) and uses a decomposition method for the parallelisation. These enable users of P-NCAS to input problems described by PDES, algorithm and discretisation scheme etc, and to view and edit all details through the visualisation and windows for edition. At last, parallel program will be outputted in C language by P-NCAS and also include documents which show everything has inputted in the beginning.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.04501.pdf|title = Modeling a Grid-Based Problem-Solving Environment for Mobile Devices|date = |accessdate = 2015-11-03|website = |publisher = Columbus State University|last = Stan Kurkovsky, Bhagyavati, Arris Ray|first = }}</ref>

== Future Improvement ==

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== PSE PARK ==

As PSEs grow more complex, the need for computing resources has risen dramatically. Conversely, with PSE applications venturing into fields and environments of growing complexity, the creation of PSEs have become tedious and difficult.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url = http://www.aicit.org/jcit/ppl/Binder6_Part23.pdf|title = PSE Park: framework for problem solving environments|date = |accessdate = 2015-11-03|website = |publisher = J Convergence Info Tech|last = Kobashi H, et al|first display-authors= etal}}</ref>

Hirumichi Kobashi and his colleagues have designed a PSE meant to create other PSEs. This has been dubbed as a 'meta PSE' or a PSEs. This was how PSE PSRk was born.<ref name=":5" />