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Cyberbot II (talk | contribs) Rescuing 1 sources, flagging 0 as dead, and archiving 24 sources. #IABot |
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|~800||[[Jābir ibn Hayyān|Geber]] develops the [[Alchemy and chemistry in Islam|Arabic alchemical]] theory of ''[[Takwin]]'', the artificial creation of life in the laboratory, up to and including [[human]] life.<ref>{{Citation |author=O'Connor, Kathleen Malone |title=The alchemical creation of life (takwin) and other concepts of Genesis in medieval Islam |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]] |year=1994 |url=http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9503804 |accessdate=10 January 2007 |postscript=. }}</ref>
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|1206||[[Al-Jazari]] created a [[Computer program|programmable]] orchestra of mechanical human beings.<ref>[http://www.shef.ac.uk/marcoms/eview/articles58/robot.html A Thirteenth Century Programmable Robot] {{
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|1275||[[Ramon Llull]], Spanish [[theology|theologian]] invents the [[Ars Magna (Ramon Llull)|Ars Magna]], a tool for combining concepts mechanically, based on an [[Islamic astrology|Arabic astrological]] tool, the [[Zairja]]. The method would be developed further by [[Gottfried Leibniz]] in the 17th century.<ref>{{Harvnb|McCorduck|2004|pp=10–12, 37}}</ref>
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