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A zombie computer access a certain webpage or ___domain(s) in which commands are listed for it to be controlled.
The advantages of using a webpages or domains as C&C are most of the time simpler coding and easy to update and maintain a large botnet without much issues.
The disadvantages of using webpages or domains is high bandwith needed if a large botnet is built, also many domains have been seized by government agencies in order to take down a botnets without much trouble or effort.(mainly requires a court order to seize the ___domain.)The domains can be also a target for Denial of Service attacks which
===IRC as C&C===
Since IRC networks require lowbandwith and use simple methods for communication they have been also used to host botnets and are tend to simple in construction and have been used many times for coordinating DDoS attacks or spam campaigns while switching channels to avoid being taken down.
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