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→Historical precursors: moved Cyert & March's work here; would be good to mention second-order cybernetics too; "It changes rules in response to longer-run feedback"—except when it doesn't! |
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Double-loop learning is used when it is necessary to change the mental model on which a decision depends. Unlike single loops, this model includes a shift in understanding, from simple and static to broader and more dynamic, such as taking into account the changes in the surroundings and the need for expression changes in mental models.<ref>{{cite book |author=Mildeova, S., Vojtko V. |title=Systémová dynamika |year=2003 |isbn=80-245-0626-2 |publisher=Oeconomica |___location=Prague |pages=19–24 |language=Czech}}</ref>
''[[A Behavioral Theory of the Firm]]'' describes how organizations learn, using (what would now be described as) double-loop learning:▼
{{Quote|text=An organization ... changes its behavior in response to short-run feedback from the environment according to some fairly well-defined rules. It changes rules in response to longer-run feedback according to more general rules, and so on.|author=[[Richard Cyert]] and [[James G. March]]| source=''A Behavioural Theory of the Firm''<ref>{{cite book |author=Cyert R.M., March J.G |title=''[[A Behavioral Theory of the Firm]] |year=1963 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |___location=New Jersey |pages=101-102}}</ref><ref>Quote taken from p. 9 of ''The Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Managment'' (2003) which describes this quote as "an early version of the distinction between single and double-loop learning." and refers to the 1963 edition.</ref>}}▼
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[[File:smycka3eng.png|center|thumb|upright=0.80|Double-loop learning]]
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== Historical precursors ==
▲''[[A Behavioral Theory of the Firm]]'' (1963) describes how organizations learn, using (what would now be described as) double-loop learning:
▲{{Quote|text=An organization ... changes its behavior in response to short-run feedback from the environment according to some fairly well-defined rules. It changes rules in response to longer-run feedback according to more general rules, and so on.|author=[[Richard Cyert]] and [[James G. March]]| source=''A Behavioural Theory of the Firm''<ref>{{cite book |author=Cyert R.M., March J.G |title=''[[A Behavioral Theory of the Firm]] |year=1963 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |___location=New Jersey |pages=101-102}}</ref><ref>Quote taken from p. 9 of ''The Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Managment'' (2003) which describes this quote as "an early version of the distinction between single and double-loop learning." and refers to the 1963 edition.</ref>}}
== See also ==
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