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==History and motivation==
The principles behind RINA were first presented by [[John Day (computer scientist)|John Day]] in his book ''Patterns in Network Architecture: A return to Fundamentals''.<ref name="PNA">''Patterns in Network Architecture: A Return to Fundamentals'', John Day (2008), Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0132252423</ref> This work is a start afresh, taking into account lessons learned in the 35 years of [[TCP/IP]]’s existence, as well as the lessons of [[OSI model|OSI]]’s failure and the lessons of other network technologies of the past few decades, such as [[CYCLADES]], [[DECnet]], and [[Xerox Network Systems]].
From the early days of telephony to the present, the [[telecommunications]] and computing industries have evolved significantly. However, they have been following separate paths, without achieving full integration that can optimally support [[distributed computing]]; the paradigm shift from [[telephony]] to distributed applications is still not complete. Telecoms have been focusing on connecting devices, perpetuating the telephony model where devices and applications are the same. A look at the current [[Internet protocol suite]] shows many symptoms of this thinking:<ref name="INWG">A. McKenzie, “INWG and the Conception of the Internet: An Eyewitness Account”; IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 66–71, 2011</ref>
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