New research has shown that unary coding is used in the neural circuits responsible for [[birdsong]] production.<ref>Fiete, I.R. and H.S. Seung, Neural network models of birdsong production, learning, and coding. New Encyclopediaof Neuroscience. Eds. L. Squire, T. Albright, F. Bloom, F. Gage, and N. Spitzer. Elsevier, 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Moore | first1 = J.M. | display-authors = 1 | last2 = et al., | year = 2011 | title = Motor pathway convergence predicts syllable repertoire size in oscine birds. | url = | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc. USA | volume = 108:16440-16445,| 2011.issue = | pages = 16440–16445 }}</ref> The nucleus in the brain of the songbirds that plays a part in both the learning and the production of bird song is the HVC (high vocal center). This coding works as space coding which is an efficient strategy for biological circuits due to its inherent simplicity and robustness.
==Generalized unary coding==
GeneralizedA generalized version of unary coding.Circuits,is Systemsable andto Signalrepresent Processingnumbers much more efficiently than standard unary coding.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kak | first1 = S | year = 2015. | title = Generalized unary coding | url = http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00034-015-0120-7#page-1 | journal = Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing | volume = 35| issue = | pages = 1419–1426| doi=10.1007/s00034-015-0120-7}}</ref> Here's an example of generalized unary coding for integers from 1 through 15 that requires only 7 bits (where three bits are arbitrarily chosen in place of a single one in standard unary to show the number). Note that the representation is cyclic where one uses markers to represent higher integers in higher cycles.▼
A generalized version of unary coding is able to represent numbers much more efficiently than standard unary coding.<ref>Kak, S.,
▲Generalized unary coding. Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing. 2015. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00034-015-0120-7#page-1</ref> Here's an example of generalized unary coding for integers from 1 through 15 that requires only 7 bits (where three bits are arbitrarily chosen in place of a single one in standard unary to show the number). Note that the representation is cyclic where one uses markers to represent higher integers in higher cycles.
