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'''Graphics Animation System for Professionals''' ('''GRASP''') was the first multimedia animation program for the [[IBM PC]] family of computers. It was also at one time the most widely used animation format.<ref>
Originally conceived by Doug Wolfgram under the name FlashGun, the first public version of GRASP was the '''Graphical System for Presentation'''. The original software was written by Doug Wolfgram and Rob Neville. It later became the Graphic Animation System for Professionals. Many regard this as the birth of the multimedia industry.
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== GRASP - Graphic Animation System for Professionals ==
===GRASP 1.0===
In 1984 Doug Wolfgram conceived of the idea of an animation scripting language that would allow graphics images to move smoothly across a computer screen under program control. Persyst Systems hired Wolfgram's company to develop some graphics and animation for their new graphics card, the BoB board. The marketing manager from Persyst then moved to AST computer where he brought in Wolfgram to do similar animation work for the AST line of peripheral cards for PCs. 1
Wolfgram saw the growing demand for multimedia so he brought in [[John Bridges (software developer)|John Bridges]], with whom he had co-developed PCPaint for Mouse Systems in 1982. Together they co-developed the early versions of GRASP for Wolfgram's company, [[Microtex Industries]]. Subsequent versions followed. Version 1.10c was released in September 1986.<ref>[http://archive.sunet.se/pub/multimedia/HDF/pub/misc/file-formats/graphic-formats/grasp.doc ]{{dead link|date=July 2016}}</ref>
Starting with John and Doug's source code for [[PCPaint]], the painting aspects were chopped out and
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===GRASP 3.0 and 3.5===
In 1988, GRASP 3.0 was released, followed in October 1988 by GRASP 3.5, bundled with [[Pictor Paint]], an improved [[PCPaint]] minus publishing features. GRASP 3.5 "[supported] a wide range of video formats, including CGA, EGA, Hercules, VGA and all popular enhanced VGA modes up to 800 x 600 pixels and 1,024 x 768 pixels resolution. The software [displayed] and [edited] images in several standard formats, including PC Paintbrush (PCX) and GIF."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1990_Oct_31/ai_9601535 |title=CBSi |website=FindArticles.com |date= |accessdate=2016-07-23}}</ref>▼
Award-winning animator [[Tom Guthery]] claims that by using GRASP in 1990 his early animated computer programs "[gave] smooth movement and detailed animation to a degree that many programmers had thought impossible at the time".<ref>
▲In 1988, GRASP 3.0 was released, followed in October 1988 by GRASP 3.5, bundled with [[Pictor Paint]], an improved [[PCPaint]] minus publishing features. GRASP 3.5 "[supported] a wide range of video formats, including CGA, EGA, Hercules, VGA and all popular enhanced VGA modes up to 800 x 600 pixels and 1,024 x 768 pixels resolution. The software [displayed] and [edited] images in several standard formats, including PC Paintbrush (PCX) and GIF."<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1990_Oct_31/ai_9601535</ref>
▲Award-winning animator [[Tom Guthery]] claims that by using GRASP in 1990 his early animated computer programs "[gave] smooth movement and detailed animation to a degree that many programmers had thought impossible at the time".<ref>[http://www.edu-soft.org/featured/tom.php Educational Software Cooperative (ESC) - Featured Members<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
===GRASP 4.0===
In February 1991 GRASP 4.0 was released, with the ability to create "self-executing" demos (bind to make EXE added), AutoDesk FLI/FLC support, PC Speaker Digitized Sound, and a robust programming environment. It also included [[ARTOOLS]], a collection of image manipulation tools which included an early morphing utility which tracked all points in source and destination images, creating all the in-between frames. Later that year HRFE (High Res Flic Enhancement) was offered as an add-on for GRASP, "[enabling] GRASP to recognize, import, manipulate and compile animations created in Autodesk's Animator Pro environment."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1991_Nov_13/ai_11479624 |title=CBSi |website=FindArticles.com |date= |accessdate=2016-07-23}}</ref>▼
In a published paper critiquing GRASP 4.0, the authors Stuart White and John Lenarcic said that "The GRASP language offers creative freedom in the development of interactive multimedia presentations, especially to seasoned programmers with an artistic inclination."<ref>
▲In February 1991 GRASP 4.0 was released, with the ability to create "self-executing" demos (bind to make EXE added), AutoDesk FLI/FLC support, PC Speaker Digitized Sound, and a robust programming environment. It also included [[ARTOOLS]], a collection of image manipulation tools which included an early morphing utility which tracked all points in source and destination images, creating all the in-between frames. Later that year HRFE (High Res Flic Enhancement) was offered as an add-on for GRASP, "[enabling] GRASP to recognize, import, manipulate and compile animations created in Autodesk's Animator Pro environment."<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1991_Nov_13/ai_11479624</ref>
A stripped-down version of GRASP 4.0 was also included with copies of Philip Shaddock's ''Multimedia Creations: Hands-On Workshop for Exploring Animation and Sound''.<ref>
▲In a published paper critiquing GRASP 4.0, the authors Stuart White and John Lenarcic said that "The GRASP language offers creative freedom in the development of interactive multimedia presentations, especially to seasoned programmers with an artistic inclination."<ref>[http://www.ascilite.org.au/aset-archives/confs/iims/1994/qz/white.html IIMS 1994: White and Lenarcic - EONQUEST: An interactive multimedia learning environment for elementary mathematical problem solving<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
▲A stripped-down version of GRASP 4.0 was also included with copies of Philip Shaddock's ''Multimedia Creations: Hands-On Workshop for Exploring Animation and Sound''.<ref>Shaddock, Philip. ''Multimedia Creations: Hands-On Workshop for Exploring Animation and Sound.'' Waite Group Press, Corte Madera California, 1992. ISBN 1-878739-26-3. Google Book Search: [http://books.google.com/books?id=316LAAAACAAJ&dq=Multimedia+Creations]</ref>
===Multi-Media GRASP 1.0===
In June 1993, Multi-Media GRASP 1.0 was released with TrueColor support.
'''Authorship and
Early in 1990 Doug Wolfgram sold his remaining rights to GRASP (and PCPaint) to John Bridges.
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* http://www.jumpjet.info/Offbeat-Internet/More/ASCII/ascii.htm
* http://www.juggling.org/animations/old.html
* [[:ru:GRASP (программа)#
==References==
{{
==External links==
{{External links|date=July 2016}}
* [http://www.aftergrasp.com/ afterGRASP homepage with download]
* [http://archive.sunet.se/pub/multimedia/HDF/pub/misc/file-formats/graphic-formats/grasp.doc GRASP - GRaphical System for Presentation v1.10 Manual, released May 1986]
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