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* Perhaps the most well-known is [[Hungarian notation]], which encodes either the purpose ("Apps Hungarian") or the [[datatype|type]] ("Systems Hungarian") of a variable in its name[http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Wrong.html].
* In [[Java programming language|Java]], very strong conventions established from the beginning by the language's originators require [[classes]] and [[variables]] to be capitalised differently. Thus, to a Java programmer, <code>widget.expand()</code> and <code>Widget.expand()</code> imply significantly different behaviour, even without prior knowledge of the <code>Widget</code> class and despite the fact that the compiler enforces no such rules.
* Identifiers representing macros in C and [[C++]] are, by convention, written using only upper case letters.
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