Hypoderma tarandi: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:09, 17 November 2016

Revision as of 09:20, 27 December 2016

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[[File:Ice-bound on Kolguev - a chapter in the exploration of Arctic Europe to which is added a record of the natural history of the island (1895) (14595270719).jpg|thumb|A reindeer herd in [[Kolguyev Island]] in 1895. The caption reads: "We entered today on a new phase of reindeer life. For the first time the fly appeared ''(Hypoderma tarandi)'', known to the [[Samoyeds]] as ''Pi-liur'', and to the Russians as ''Orwot.'']]

'''''Hypoderma tarandi''''', also known as '''reindeer warble fly''' and '''caribou bot fly''',<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/{{cite journal | pmc/articles/PMC2600172/ Emerging= infectious2600172 diseases| -pmid=18258079 | doi=10.3201/eid1401.070163 | volume=14 | title=Human Ophthalmomyiasisophthalmomyiasis Internainterna Causedcaused by Hypoderma tarandi, Northern Canada] | year=2008 | journal=Emerging Infect. Dis. | pages=64–6 | last1 = Lagacé-Wiens | first1 = PR | last2 = Dookeran | first2 = R | last3 = Skinner | first3 = S | last4 = Leicht | first4 = R | last5 = Colwell | first5 = DD | last6 = Galloway | first6 = TD}}</ref> is a species of [[warble fly]] that is [[parasitism|parasitic]] on [[reindeer]].<ref>Chillcott, in Stone et al., 1965, Catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico, p. 1112.</ref>

The larvae of this fly are a skin-penetrating ectoparasite that usually infest populations of reindeer and [[caribou]] in [[Arctic]] areas, causing harm to the hides, meat and milk in domesticated herds. They also may cause [[Ophthalmomyiasis]] in humans,<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224413000217 Warble infestations by Hypoderma tarandi (Diptera; Oestridae) recorded for the first time in West Greenland muskoxen]</ref> leading to [[uveitis]], [[glaucoma]], and [[retinal detachment]].<ref name=lag>{{cite journal | last1 = Lagacé-Wiens, | first1 = P. R., | display-authors = 1 | last2 = et al. (| year = 2008). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2600172/| title = Human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by ''Hypoderma tarandi'', Northern Canada.] ''| journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases'' | volume = 14( | issue = 1),| 64pages = 64–6 | pmc=2600172 | pmid=18258079 | doi=10.3201/eid1401.070163}}</ref> ''H. lineatum'' and ''H. sinense'' may also infest humans.<ref name=lag/>

The larvae of this fly are a skin-penetrating ectoparasite that usually infest populations of reindeer and [[caribou]] in [[Arctic]] areas, causing harm to the hides, meat and milk in domesticated herds. They also may cause [[Ophthalmomyiasis]] in humans,<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224413000217 Warble infestations by Hypoderma tarandi (Diptera; Oestridae) recorded for the first time in West Greenland muskoxen]</ref> leading to [[uveitis]], [[glaucoma]], and [[retinal detachment]].<ref name=lag>Lagacé-Wiens, P. R., et al. (2008). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2600172/ Human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by ''Hypoderma tarandi'', Northern Canada.] ''Emerging Infectious Diseases'' 14(1), 64.</ref> ''H. lineatum'' and ''H. sinense'' may also infest humans.<ref name=lag/>

==As food==

{{see also|Entomophagy}}

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The sixth episode of season one of the television series ''Beyond Survival'' entitled "The Inuit - Survivors of the Future" features survival expert [[Les Stroud]] and two Inuit guides hunting caribou on the northern coast of [[Baffin Island]] near [[Pond Inlet]], [[Nunavut]], Canada. Upon skinning and butchering of one of the animals, numerous larvae (presumably ''Hypoderma tarandi'', although not explicitly stated) are apparent on the inside of the caribou pelt. Stroud and his two Inuit guides eat (albeit somewhat reluctantly) one larva each, with Stroud commenting that the larva "tastes like milk" and was historically commonly consumed by the Inuit people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lesstroud.ca/beyondsurvival/ep6.php |title=Les Stroud - ''Beyond Survival: The Inuit - Survivors of the Future'' |publisher=Lesstroud.ca |date= |accessdate=2015-11-10}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Botfly]]

*''[[Cephenemyia trompe]]'', another reindeer parasitic fly

== References ==

{{reflist|2}}