Fatwa sullo sciismo di al-Azhar: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 12:52, 8 set 2015

Versione delle 12:53, 8 set 2015

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{{T|inglese|Islam|settembre 2015}}

La '''Fatwa sullo sciismo di al-Azhar''' {{Arabo|فتوى شلتوت|Fatwa al-Shaltut}}, ossia "La fatwa di Shaltut") è una [[fatwa]] emessa nel 1959 a proposito delle relazioni tra [[sunnismo]] e [[scismosciismo]] dal [[Grande Imam di al-Azhar]] [[Mahmud Shaltut)]].

<!--Under Shaltoot, Sunni-Shia ecumenical activities would reach their zenith.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Rainer Brünner|title=Islamic Ecumenism In The 20th Century: The Azhar And Shiism Between Rapprochement And Restraint|date=2004|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004125483|page=360|edition=revised}}</ref>

The fatwa is the fruit of a decade-long collaborative effort between a group of Sunni and [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] scholars at the Dar al-Taqreeb al-Madhahib al-Islamiyyah ("center for bringing together the various Islamic schools of thought") theological center at [[Al-Azhar University]] in [[Cairo]]. The aim of the effort is to bridge the gap between the various Islamic schools of thought, and to foster mutual respect, understanding and appreciation of each school's contributions to the development of Islamic jurisprudence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter1b/14.html|title=al-Azhar Verdict on the Shia|publisher=www.al-islam.org|accessdate=2009-05-05| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090613065916/http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter1b/14.html| archivedate= 13 June 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> However, despite the ecumenical fatwa, while Shaltoot was [[Grand Imam of Al-Azhar]] he refused to establish an independent Shia chair at the University, which was one of the greatest aspirations, especially, of the Shia members of the Dar al-Taqreeb.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Rainer Brünner|title=Islamic Ecumenism In The 20th Century: The Azhar And Shiism Between Rapprochement And Restraint|date=2004|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004125483|page=301|edition=revised}}</ref>

This rare fatwa, which admits [[Shia Muslim]]s, [[Alawite]]s, and [[Druze]] into mainstream Islam who had been considered heretics and idolaters for hundreds of years, has been viewed as being inspired by the then Egyptian president [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Aburish|first=Saïd K.|title=Nasser: the last Arab|date=2004|publisher=Duckworth|isbn=9780715633007|pages=200–201|edition=illustrated|quote=But perhaps the most far reaching change [initiated by Nasser’s guidance] was the fatwa commanding the readmission to mainstream Islam of the Shia, Alawis, and Druze. They had been considered heretics and idolaters for hundreds of years, but Nasser put an end to this for once and for all. While endearing himself to the majority Shia of Iraq and undermining Kassem [the communist ruler of Iraq at the time] might have played a part in that decision, there is no doubting the liberalism of the man in this regard.}}</ref> Nasser saw it as a tool to spread his appeal and influence across the entire Arab world.<ref>{{cite book|last=Keddie|first=Nikki R|title=Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics|date=2002|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=9780295982069|page=306|edition=illustrated|author2=Rudolph P Matthee}}</ref>