Hardware code page: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 22:04, 28 November 2016

Revision as of 13:31, 30 November 2016

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==Code page assignments==

In North American [[IBM-compatible PC]]s, the hardware code page of the display adapter is typically [[code page 437]].<ref name="Elliott_2005_MDA"/> However, various portable machines<ref name="HP_1985_PP"/><ref name="HP_1986_PP"/><ref name="HP_1991_95LXUG"/> as well as (Eastern) European, Arabic, Middle Eastern and Asian PCs used a number of other code pages as their hardware code page,<ref name="Paul_2001_CPSwitchFD"/> including [[code page 100]] ("Hebrew"),<ref name="Paul_2002-09-05"/> [[code page 151|151]] ("Nafitha Arabic"),<ref name="Paul_2002-12-04"/> [[code page 667|667]] ("[[Mazovia encoding|Mazovia]]"),<ref name="Paul_2001_CPSwitchFD"/><ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/> [[code page 737|737]] ("Greek"), [[code page 850|850]] ("Multilingual"),<ref name="HP_1991_95LXUG"/> encodings like "[[HP Roman-8|Roman-8]]",<ref name="HP_1985_PP"/><ref name="HP_1986_PP"/> "[[Kamenický encoding|Kamenický]]",<ref name="Paul_2001_CPSwitchFD"/><ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/><ref name="NEC_1992_Flyer"/> "[[KOI-8]]", "[[MIK code page|MIK]]",<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/> and others. Most display adapters support a single 8-bit hardware code page only.<ref name="Paul_2001_CPSwitchFD"/> The [[bitmap]]s were often stored in an [[EPROM]]<ref name="RBIL_61_INT15h_AX67C3h"/><ref name="Brown_2000_RBIL"/><ref name="Elliott_2005_MDA"/> in a [[DIP socket]].<ref name="Elliott_2005_MDA"/> At most, the hardware code page to be activated was user-selectable via [[jumper (computing)|jumper]]s,<ref name="Derfler_1985"/> configuration [[EEPROM]]s<ref name="HP_1985_PP"/><ref name="HP_1986_PP"/> or [[CMOS setup]].<ref name="HP_1996_200LXUG"/> However, some of the display adapters designed for Eastern European, Arabic and Hebrew PCs supported multiple software-''switchable'' hardware code pages, also named '''font pages''',<ref name="Paul_2001_CPSwitchFD"/> selectable via I/O ports<ref name="Elliott_2005_MDA"/> or additional BIOS functions.<ref name="RBIL_61_INT15h_AX67C3h"/><ref name="Brown_2000_RBIL"/>

In contrast to this, printers frequently support several user-switchable character sets, often including various variants of the 7-bit [[ISO/IEC 646]] character sets such as [[code page 367]] ("[[ISO/IEC 646-US]] / [[ASCII]]"<ref name="Paul_2001_CPSwitchFD"/>), sometimes also a couple of 8-bit code pages like [[code page 437]],<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/><ref name="NEC_1990_P90"/><ref name="Epson_1991_GQ"/> [[code page 850|850]],<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/><ref name="NEC_1990_P90"/><ref name="Epson_1991_GQ"/> [[code page 851|851]],<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/> [[code page 852|852]],<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/><ref name="NEC_1993_EPROMs"/> [[code page 853|853]],<ref name="Epson_1992_EPL-4300"/> [[code page 855|855]],<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/><ref name="NEC_1993_EPROMs"/> [[code page 857|857]],<ref name="Epson_1992_EPL-4300"/> [[code page 860|860]],<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/><ref name="NEC_1990_P90"/><ref name="Epson_1991_GQ"/> [[code page 861|861]],<ref name="Epson_1991_GQ"/> [[code page 863|863]],<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/><ref name="NEC_1990_P90"/><ref name="Epson_1991_GQ"/> [[code page 865|865]],<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/><ref name="NEC_1990_P90"/><ref name="Epson_1991_GQ"/> and [[code page 866|866]].<ref name="Fujitsu_1994_DL6400_DL6600"/><ref name="NEC_1993_EPROMs"/><ref name="FreeBSD_2016_1"/><ref name="FreeBSD_2016_2"/> Printers for the Eastern European or Middle Eastern markets sometimes support other locale-specific hardware code pages to choose from. They can be selected via [[DIP switch]]es or configuration menus on the printer, or via specific [[escape sequence]]s.<ref name="Paul_2001_CPSwitchFD"/><ref group="nb" name="Escape_sequence_Epson_NEC"/>

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Hardware code pages are also [[OEM code page]]s. The designation "OEM", for "[[original equipment manufacturer]]", indicates that the character set could be changed by the manufacturer to meet different markets.<ref name="Chen_2005_CP"/><ref name="Chen_2005_OEM"/>

However, OEM code pages do not necessarily reside in ROM, but include so called [[prepared code page]]s,<ref name="XyWrite_2009"/><ref name="Caldera_1998_USER-17"/> (aka [[downloadable character set]]s or [[downloadable font]]s), character sets loaded as [[raster font]]s into the font RAM of suitable display adapters (like [[NEC APC]],<ref name="NEC_1983_APC"/> [[HP 100LX]]/[[HP 200LX|200LX]]/[[HP OmniGo 700LX|700LX]],<ref name="HP_1996_200LXUG"/> [[Persyst]]'s [[Persyst BoB Color Adapter|BoB Color Adapter]],<ref name="Hart_1985"/> [[Hercules Computer Technology|Hercules]]' [[HGC+]],<ref name="Wilton_1987"/><ref name="Brown_2000_RBIL"/><ref name="Elliott_2012_HGCPlus"/> [[Hercules InColor Card|InColor]]<ref name="Wilton_1987"/><ref name="Elliott_2012_InColor"/> and [[Hercules Network Card Plus|Network Plus]]<ref name="CW_1988"/><ref name="Hercules_1988"/> with [[RAMFONT]], and IBM's [[Multi-Color Graphics Array|MCGA]],<ref name="Wilton_1987"/><ref name="Ferraro_1994"/><ref name="Brown_2000_RBIL"/> [[Enhanced Graphics Adapter|EGA]],<ref name="Ferraro_1994"/><ref name="Brown_2000_RBIL"/> [[VGA]],<ref name="Ferraro_1994"/><ref name="Brown_2000_RBIL"/> etc.) and printers as well.<ref name="Paul_2001_CPI"/><ref name="Elliott_2006_CPI"/><ref name="AEB_2001_CPI"/><ref name="Haralambous_2007_CPI"/><ref name="MS_1991_PR"/> Hence, the group of OEM code pages is a superset of hardware code pages.

==See also==

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<ref name="HP_1985_PP">{{cite book |title=Hewlett-Packard - Technical Reference Manual - Portable PLUS |date=August 1985 |edition=1 |id=45559-90001 |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard Company]], Portable Computer Division |___location=Corvallis, OR, USA |url=https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_hpportableblePLUSTechnicalReferenceManualAug1985_25919880 |access-date=2016-11-27 |dead-url=no}}</ref>

<ref name="HP_1986_PP">{{cite book |title=Hewlett-Packard - Technical Reference Manual - Portable PLUS |date=December 1986 |orig-year=August 1985 |edition=2 |id=45559-90006 |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard Company]] |___location=Portable Computer Division, Corvallis, OR, USA |url=http://www.jeffcalc.hp41.eu/hpplus/files/techrefman.pdf |access-date=2016-11-27 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128194426/http://www.jeffcalc.hp41.eu/hpplus/files/techrefman.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-27}}</ref>

<ref name="HP_1991_95LXUG">{{cite book |title=HP 95LX User's Guide |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard Company]], Corvallis Division |___location=Corvallis, OR, USA |edition=2 |date=June 1991 |orig-year=March 1991 |id=F0001-90003 |url=http://www.retroisle.com/others/hp95lx/OriginalDocs/95LX_UsersGuide_F1000-90001_826pages_Jun91.pdf |access-date=2016-11-27 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128202642/http://www.retroisle.com/others/hp95lx/OriginalDocs/95LX_UsersGuide_F1000-90001_826pages_Jun91.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-27 |pages=E-1 – E-3, F-1 – F-7|quote=The [[HP &nbsp;95LX]] character set is equivalent to [[code page 850]], the [[IBM &nbsp;PC]] multilingual character set. (Note that your HP 95LX contains [[MS-DOS 3.22]], which does not support [[code-page switching]].) All the HP &nbsp;95LX applications use this set except [[Lotus 1-2-3|1-2-3]], which uses [[LICS (character set)|LICS]], the [[Lotus International Character Set]]. Most LICS characters are included in code page 850; the few that are not will not display […] If your HP &nbsp;95LX cannot display […] or if your printer cannot print a LICS character, the HP &nbsp;95LX uses a fallback presentation for that character […] if you use the <tt>©</tt> symbol and your printer cannot print it, the HP &nbsp;95LX might display <tt>(c)</tt> or <tt>c</tt> as the fallback presentation (depending on the capabilities of your printer).}}</ref>

<ref name="HP_1996_200LXUG">{{cite book |title=HP 200LX User's Guide |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard Singapore (Private) Limited]], Asia-Pacific Personal Computer Division |___location=Singapore |edition=1 |date=October 1996 |orig-year= |id=1216-90001 |url=http://h10032.www1.hp.com/ctg/Manual/bpia5259.pdf |access-date=2016-11-29 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130124719/http://h10032.www1.hp.com/ctg/Manual/bpia5259.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-29 |pages=21-6 – 21-7, 25-9 – 25-13, 26-14 – 26-18, C-1 – C-4, D-1 – D-10 |quote=Your palmtop supports [[code page 850|code pages 850]] and [[code page 437|437]]. The built-in applications (except [[Lotus 1-2-3|1-2-3]]) and [[System Manager (HP LX)|System Manager]]-compliant applications […] use code page 850. 1-2-3 uses [[LICS (character set)|LICS]], the [[Lotus International Character Set]]. Most LICS characters are included in code page 850; the few that are not included will not display on the palmtop. […] Any DOS application you load and run will by default use code page 437. If an application requires code page 850, you can select it using the Setup utility.}}</ref>

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