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Riga 34:
==== Assenza del Tempio ====
Il Talmud espone una ''[[Baraita]]'' (tradizione orale) il [[Kohen Gadol]] ([[Sommo sacerdote]]) deve aspergere il sangue dell'offerta del [[Bos taurus|toro]] sul ''Parochet'' (Velo del Tempio) che separa l'[[Tempio di Salomone#Descrizione|Echal]] (santuario) dal [[Santo dei Santi|Kodesh Hakodashim]] ([[Santo dei Santi]]):<ref>[[Talmud]] [[Yoma (Talmud)|Trattato ''
{{citazione|Così farà l'espiazione sul santuario per l'impurità degli Israeliti, per le loro trasgressioni e per tutti i loro peccati. Lo stesso farà per la tenda del convegno che si trova (''shoken'') fra di loro, in mezzo alle loro impurità. ([[Levitico]] 16:16). Anche quando gli [[ebrei]] sono impuri, la Shekinah (presenza divina) sta con loro.
:Un certo [[Sadducei|Sadduceo]] disse a Rabbi Chanina: Ora [che siete stati esiliati], sarete certamente impuri, poiché sta scritto: "La sua impurità è [visibile] nei lembi della sua veste." ([[Lamentazioni]] 1:9). Egli [Rabbi Chanina] gli rispose: Vieni a vedere cosa sta scritto su di loro: [La Tenda del convegno] che si trova fra di loro, in mezzo alle loro impurità. Anche quando sono impuri, la presenza divina sta tra loro.|Talmud, Trattato ''
==Fonti ebraiche ==
<!--- <ref name="Scho1">[[Gershom Scholem]], [https://books.google.it/books?id=ORoQCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT110&lpg=PT110&dq=shechinah+nell%27ebraismo&source=bl&ots=7CTe1YJfAK&sig=esLd_CCadNIjLBP6FUrwKp3IFDQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCDgKahUKEwjt_9rCi4vIAhVDMhoKHcCHBKk#v=onepage&q=shechinah%20nell'ebraismo&f=false ''La figura mistica della divinità: Studi sui concetti fondamentali della Qabbalah''], cur. Elisabetta Zevi, Adelphi (ediz. digitale), 2015, Cap. 3.</ref> --->▼
=== Bibbia ebraica ===
The noun ''shekina'' does not occur in the Hebrew Bible, although the verb ''shakan'', and other terms from the root škn do occur. There is also no occurrence of the noun in pre-rabbinic literature such as the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]]. It is only afterwards in the targums and rabbinical literature that the Hebrew term shekinah, or Aramaic equivalent ''shekinta'', is found, and then becomes extremely common.<ref>Martin McNamara ''Targum and Testament Revisited: Aramaic Paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible'' 0802862756 2010 p.148 "Whereas the verb shakan and terms from the root škn occur in the Hebrew Scriptures, and while the term shekinah/shekinta is extremely common in rabbinic literature and the targums, no occurrence of it is attested in pre-rabbinic literature."</ref> McNamara (2010) considers that the absence might lead to the conclusion that the term only originated after the destruction of the temple in 70AD, but notes 2 Maccabees 14:35 "a temple for your habitation", where the Greek text (naon tes skenoseos) suggests a possible parallel understanding, and where the Greek noun ''skenosis'' may stand for Aramaic ''shekinta''.<ref>McNamara (2010) p148.</ref>
=== Targum ===
In the [[Targum]] the addition of the noun term Shekinah paraphases Hebrew verb phrases such as Exodus 34:9 "let the Lord go among us" (a verbal expression of presence) which Targum paraphrases with God's "shekinah" (a noun form).<ref>Paul V.M. Flesher, Bruce D. Chilton ''The Targums: A Critical Introduction'' 900421769X 2011 - Page 45 "The first comprises the use of the term “Shekinah” (.....) which is usually used to speak of God's presence in Israel's worship. The Hebrew text of Exodus 34:9, for instance, has Moses pray, “let the Lord go among us” which Targum ..."</ref> In the post-temple era usage of use of the term Shekinah may provide a solution to the problem of God being omnipresent and thus not dwelling in any one place.<ref>Carol A. Dray ''Studies on Translation and Interpretation in the Targum to ...'' 9004146989 2006 - Page 153 "The use of the term Shekinah, as has been noted previously,61 appears to provide a solution to the problem of God being omnipresent and thus unable to dwell in any one place. This is not the only occasion in TJ Kings when the Targumist ..."</ref>
== Talmud ==
▲
The Shekinah is associated with the transformational spirit of God regarded as the source of prophecy:
{{quote|After that thou shalt come to the hill of God, where is the garrison of the Philistines; and it shall come to pass, when thou art come thither to the city, that thou shalt meet a band of prophets coming down from the high place with a psaltery, and a timbrel, and a pipe, and a harp, before them; and they will be prophesying.
And the spirit of the LORD will come mightily upon thee, and thou shalt prophesy with them, and shalt be turned into another man.|{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|10:5–6|KJV}}}}
The prophets made numerous references to visions of the presence of God, particularly in the context of the Tabernacle or Temple, with figures such as thrones or robes filling the Sanctuary, which have traditionally been attributed to the presence of the Shekinah. [[Isaiah]] wrote "I saw the Lord sitting upon a throne high and lifted up, and his train filled the Temple." (Isaiah 6:1). [[Jeremiah]] implored "Do not dishonor the throne of your glory" ({{bibleref2|Jeremiah|14:21}}) and referred to "Thy throne of glory, on high from the beginning, Thy place of our sanctuary" ({{bibleref2|Jeremiah|17:12}}). The [[Book of Ezekiel]] speaks of "the glory of the God of Israel was there [in the Sanctuary], according to the vision that I saw in the plain." (Ezekiel 8:4){{fv|date=October 2014}}
=== Significato nell'ebraismo chassidico ===
{{vedi anche|Chassidismo}}
[[Hassidic Judaism]] regards the [[Kabbalah]], in which the Shekinah has special significance, as having scriptural authority.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} The word ''Matronit'' is also employed to represent this usage.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}
===La Sposa dello Shabbat ===
{{vedi anche|Shabbat}}
This recurrent theme is best known from the writings and songs of the legendary mystic of the 16th century, Rabbi [[Isaac Luria]]. Here is a quotation from the beginning of his famous shabbat hymn:
<blockquote><poem>
I sing in hymns
to enter the gates
of the Field
of holy apples.
A new table
we prepare for Her,
a lovely candelabrum
sheds its light upon us.
Between right and left
the Bride approaches,
in holy jewels
and festive garments...</poem></blockquote>
A paragraph in the [[Zohar]] starts: "One must prepare a comfortable seat with several cushions and embroidered covers, from all that is found in the house, like one who prepares a canopy for a bride. For the Shabbat is a queen and a bride. This is why the masters of the Mishna used to go out on the eve of Shabbat to receive her on the road, and used to say: '''Come, O bride, come, O bride''!' And one must sing and rejoice at the table in her honor ... one must receive the Lady with many lighted candles, many enjoyments, beautiful clothes, and a house embellished with many fine appointments ..."
The tradition of the Shekinah as the Shabbat Bride, the ''Shabbat Kallah'', continues to this day.
=== Preghiere ebraiche ===
{{vedi anche|Preghiera ebraica}}
The 17th blessing of the daily [[Amidah]] prayer said in [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]], [[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]], and [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] services is "Blessed are You, God, who returns His Presence (''shekinato'') to Zion."
The [[Liberal Judaism (United Kingdom)|Liberal Jewish]] prayer-book for [[Rosh Hashanah]] and Yom Kippur (''Machzor Ruach Chadashah'') contains a creative prayer based on [[Avinu Malkeinu]], in which the feminine noun ''Shekinah'' is used in the interests of gender neutrality.<ref>{{cite book|title=''Machzor Ruach Chadashah''|editor=Rabbis Drs. Andrew Goldstein & Charles H Middleburgh|publisher=[[Liberal Judaism (United Kingdom)|Liberal Judaism]]|year=2003|pages=137|language=English, Hebrew}}</ref>
=== Canzone yiddish ===
The concept of Shekinah is also associated with the Jewish conception of the [[Holy Spirit (Judaism)]] (''ruach ha-kodesh'') in Jewish tradition, as can be seen in the Yiddish song: ''Vel ich, sh'chine tsu dir kummen'' "Will I, Shekinah, to you come".<ref>Ruth Rubin ''Voices of a people: the story of Yiddish folksong'' p234</ref>
{{...}}
== Note ==
Riga 86 ⟶ 140:
* {{en}}[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13537-shekinah "Shekinah"], voce della ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]'' (1906)]
* {{en}}[http://www.academia.edu/10244917/ "The Worship of the Shekhinah in Early Kabbalah"] di Tzahi Weiss, su ''academia.edu''
* [http://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/magazine/documents/ju_mag_01021998_p-24_it.html
* [http://mondodomani.org/teologia/dobner2011.htm "Dalla Shekinah alla Trinità"], di Cristiana Dobner, su ''mondodomani.org'' (maggio 2011)
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