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{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
'''Conformance testing''' or '''type testing''' is testing to determine whether a product or system or just a medium complies with the requirements of a [[specification]], [[contract]] or [[regulation]]. This may apply to various technical terms as well as to pure formal terms with respect to obligations of the contractors. '''Conformity assessment''', also known as '''compliance assessment''',<ref name=rihc>{{cite web |last = [[International Committee for Information Technology Standards]] |first = |authorlink = |author2 = |title = Report on Issues for Harmonizing Conformity Assessment to Biometric Standards |work = |publisher = |date = |url = http://www.incits.org/tc_home/m1htm/docs/m1050067.pdf |format = |doi = |accessdate = 12 April 2009 }}</ref><ref name=sfsm>{{cite web |last = [[International Software Benchmarking Standards Group]] |first = |authorlink = |author2 = |title = ISO Standard for Functional Size Measurement |work = |publisher = |date = |url = http://www.isbsg.org/ISBSGnew.nsf/WebPages/C5908EE2873DA659CA25734E00175B3C |format = |doi = |accessdate = 12 April 2009}}</ref><ref name=trtm>{{cite web |last = [[NIST]] |first = |authorlink = |author2 = |title = Part 3 Testing Requirements - Chapter 5: Test Methods |work = |publisher = |date = |url = http://xsun.sdct.itl.nist.gov/tgdc/vvsg/part3/chapter05.php |format = |doi = |accessdate = 12 April 2009}}</ref> is any activity to determine, directly or indirectly, that a process, product, or service meets relevant [[technical standard]]s and fulfills relevant requirements.<ref>[http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=39976&ICS1=1&ICS2=120&ICS3=&scopelist=CATALOGUE ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004]</ref>
Conformity assessment activities may include:
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==Software engineering==
In [[software testing]],
==Electronic and electrical engineering==
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In [[electronic engineering]] and [[electrical engineering]], some countries and business environments (such as telecommunication companies) require that an electronic product meet certain requirements before they can be sold. Standards for telecommunication products written by standards organizations such as [[American National Standards Institute|ANSI]], the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]], and [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]], etc., have certain criteria that a product must meet before compliance is recognized. In countries such as Japan, China, Korea, and some parts of Europe, products cannot be sold unless they are known to meet those requirements specified in the standards. Usually, manufacturers set their own requirements to ensure product quality, sometimes with levels much higher than what the governing bodies require. Compliance is realized after a product passes a series of tests without occurring some specified mode of failure. Failure levels are usually set depending on what environment the product will be sold in. For instance, test on a product for used in an industrial environment will not be as stringent as a product used in a residential area. A failure can include data corruption, loss of communication, and irregular behavior.
Compliance test for electronic devices include emissions tests, immunity tests, and safety tests. Emissions tests ensure that a product will not emit harmful electromagnetic interference in communication and power lines. Immunity tests ensure that a product is immune to common electrical signals and [[Electromagnetic interference]] (EMI) that will be found in its operating environment, such as [[electromagnetic radiation]] from a local radio station or interference from nearby products. Safety tests ensure that a product will not create a safety risk from situations such as a failed or shorted power supply, blocked cooling vent, and powerline [[voltage spike]]s and dips.
For example, the telecommunications research and development company [[Telcordia Technologies]] publishes conformance standards for telecommunication equipment to pass the following tests:<ref>[http://telecom-info.telcordia.com/site-cgi/ido/docs.cgi?ID=SEARCH&DOCUMENT=GR-1089& GR-1089, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety - Generic Criteria for Network Telecommunications Equipment]</ref>
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==Standardization==
The international standards of the topic are published by [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] and covered in the divisions of ICS 03.120.20 for management<ref name=pccc>{{cite web |last = [[International Organization for Standardization]] |first = |authorlink = |author2 = |title = 03.120.20: Product and company certification. Conformity assessment |work = |publisher = |date = |url = http://www.iso.org/iso/products/standards/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=03&ICS2=120&ICS3=20& |format = |doi = |accessdate = 10 April 2009}}</ref> and ICS 23.040.01 for technical.<ref name=pcpg>{{cite web |last = [[International Organization for Standardization]] |first = |authorlink = |author2 = |title = 23.040.01: Pipeline components and pipelines in general |work = |publisher = |date = |url = http://www.iso.org/iso/products/standards/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=23&ICS2=040&ICS3=01& |format = |doi = |accessdate = 10 April 2009}}</ref> Other standalone [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] standards for the topic include
* ''ISO/TR 13881:2000 Petroleum and natural gas industries—Classification and conformity assessment of products, processes and services''<ref name=pngi>{{cite web |last = [[International Organization for Standardization]] |first = |authorlink = |author2 = |title = ISO/TR 13881:2000 Petroleum and natural gas industries -- Classification and conformity assessment of products, processes and services |work = |publisher = |date = |url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=23137 |format = |doi = |accessdate = 10 April 2009}}</ref>
* ''ISO 18436-4:2008 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines—Requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel—Part 4: Field lubricant analysis''<ref name=cmdm>{{cite web |last = [[International Organization for Standardization]] |first = |authorlink = |author2 = |title = ISO 18436-4:2008 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines -- Requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel -- Part 4: Field lubricant analysis |work = |publisher = |date = |url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37395 |format = |doi = |accessdate = 10 April 2009}}</ref>
* ''ISO/IEC 18009:1999 Information technology—Programming languages—Ada: Conformity assessment of a language processor'' <ref name=itpl>{{cite web |last = [[International Organization for Standardization]] |first = |authorlink = |author2 = |title = ISO/IEC 18009:1999 Information technology -- Programming languages -- Ada: Conformity assessment of a language processor |work = |publisher = |date = |url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=31051 |format = |doi = |accessdate = 10 April 2009
}}</ref>
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