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In the third schematic, the probe and restriction enzyme are chosen to detect a region of the genome that includes a [[variable number tandem repeat]] segment (boxes in schematic diagram). In allele "c" there are five repeats in the VNTR, and the probe detects a longer fragment between the two restriction sites. In allele "d" there are only two repeats in the VNTR, so the probe detects a shorter fragment between the same two restriction sites. Other genetic processes, such as [[Genetic insertion|insertions]], [[Genetic deletion|deletions]], [[Chromosomal translocation|translocations]], and [[Chromosomal inversion|inversions]], can also lead to RFLPs.
RFLP tests require much bigger samples of DNA than do short tandem repeat (STR) tests.
== Applications ==
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