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The modern community structure model originated with the work of University of Chicago’s Robert Park, who in ''The Immigrant Press and Its Control'' <ref>{{Cite book|title=The immigrant press and its control|last=Park|first=R.|publisher=Harper|year=1922|isbn=|___location=New York|pages=}}</ref> first suggested society could influence media. Morris Janowitz <ref>{{Cite book|title=The community press in an urban setting|last=Janowitz|first=M.|publisher=The Free Press|year=1952|isbn=|___location=Chicago and Glencoe, IL|pages=}}</ref> later introduced the concept that press coverage could serve as an index of the social structure and values of distinct communities. Janowitz employed multiple methodologies for his research, including reader surveys, in-depth interviews with journalists, and content analysis of 82 different community newspapers in the Chicago area.
Tichenor, Donohue and Olien<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tichenor|first=P.J.|last2=Donohue|first2=G.A.|last3=Olien|first3=C.N.|year=1973|title=Mass communication research: Evolution of a structural model|url=|journal=Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly|volume=50 (3)|pages=419–425|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Community conflict and the press|last=Tichenor|first=P.J.|last2=Donohue|first2=G.A.|last3=Olien|first3=C.N.|publisher=SAGE|year=1980|isbn=|___location=Beverly Hills, CA|pages=}}</ref> evolved Park’s and Janowitz’s work with their concept of
Other scholars in the late 90s (Hindman, 1999; Demers & Viswanath, 1999; McLeod and Hertog, 1999) also recognized a connection between mass media coverage and community characteristics, but emphasized the role of media less as mechanisms for social control than for social change.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/231777603|title=Mass media, social control, and social change : a macrosocial perspective|last=P.|first=Demers, David|date=1999-01-01|publisher=Iowa State Univ. Press|isbn=0813826829|oclc=231777603}}</ref> When Hindman compared media coverage in large vs. small ethic populations, he found a difference in how similar stories were covered based on the relative size of ethnic groups in communities. Similarly, McLeod and Hertog (1999) found news media covered protest mobilizations more favorably in communities with a greater numbers of protesters. Demers and Viswanath (1999) enhanced previous structural findings by exploring the role of media as agents of both social control and social change.
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== Contemporary Applications ==
Pollock and coauthors made three key contributions to community structure theory. First, they conducted among the first US nationwide and cross-national studies using the community structure model, comparing multiple large metropolitan areas and countries, expanding study sample sizes beyond a focus on one or two cities. Second, Pollock et al. also evolved the theory to include a Media Vector methodological tool for measuring both content direction and editorial prominence of articles, then combining them into a single score, thereby adding a way to consider editorial evaluation as well as article content. Third, Pollock and coauthor findings often challenged the traditional “guard dog” hypothesis by concluding that media can often reflect the interests of more vulnerable stakeholders.<ref name=":1" /> Community structure studies are related to work focusing on the roles of [[social capital]] (in political science and sociology literatures) and [[social determinants of health]] (in health communication and public health literatures). In 2013, Pollock authored an authoritative annotated bibliography on Community Structure scholarship for Oxford Bibliographies Online.<ref name=":2" />
== References ==
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