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The state-transition matrix is used to find the solution to a general [[state-space representation]] of a [[linear system]] in the following form
: <math>\dot{\mathbf{x}}(t) = \mathbf{A}(t) \mathbf{x}(t) + \mathbf{B}(t) \mathbf{u}(t) , \mathbf{x}(t_0) = \mathbf{x}_0 </math>,
where <math>\mathbf{x}(t)</math> are the states of the system, <math>\mathbf{u}(t)</math> is the input signal, and <math>\mathbf{x}_0</math> is the initial condition at <math>t_0</math>. Using the state-transition matrix <math>\mathbf{\Phi}(t, \tau)</math>, the solution is given by:<ref name=baaschl>{{cite journal|last1=Baake|first1=Michael|last2=Schlaegel|first2=Ulrike|title=The Peano Baker Series|journal=
: <math>\mathbf{x}(t)= \mathbf{\Phi} (t, t_0)\mathbf{x}(t_0)+\int_{t_0}^t \mathbf{\Phi}(t, \tau)\mathbf{B}(\tau)\mathbf{u}(\tau)d\tau</math>
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