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| url = http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/pdf/Dorband.pdf
| quote = The purpose of commodity cluster computing is to utilize large numbers of readily available computing components for parallel computing to obtaining the greatest amount of useful computations for the least cost. The issue of the cost of a computational resource is key to computational science and data processing at GSFC as it is at most other places, the difference being that the need at GSFC far exceeds any expectation of meeting that need.
}}</ref> It is computing done in commodity computers as opposed to in high-cost [[superminicomputer]]s or in [[boutique computer]]s. Commodity computers are [[computer system]]s - manufactured by multiple vendors - incorporating components based on [[open standard]]s.{{cn|date=April 2017}} Such systems are said{{by whom?|date=April 2017}} to be based on [[commodity]] components, since the standardization process promotes lower costs and less differentiation among vendors' products. Standardization and decreased differentiation lower the switching or exit cost from any given vendor, increasing purchasers' leverage and preventing [[Lock-in (decision-making)|lock-in]]. A governing principle of commodity computing is that it is preferable to have more low-performance, low-cost hardware working in parallel ([[scalar computing]]) (e.g. [[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]] x86 [[Complex instruction set computing| CISC]]<ref>http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9154518/IBM_HP_servers_won_t_stop_x86_onslaught_on_Unix</ref>) than to have fewer high-performance, high-cost hardware items<ref>http://research.google.com/pubs/DistributedSystemsandParallelComputing.html</ref> (e.g. IBM [[POWER7]] or Sun-Oracle's [[SPARC]]<ref>ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/common/ssi/pm/rg/n/poo03017usen/POO03017USEN.PDF</ref> [[Reduced instruction set computing|RISC]]). At some point, the number of discrete systems in a cluster will be greater than the [[mean time between failures]] (MTBF) for any hardware platform{{Dubious |sentence on fault tolerance/mtbf doesn't make sense|reason=Units don't match for compared items: 1st one is without unit and for the second one unit is time|date=September 2017}}, no matter how reliable, so [[fault tolerance]] must be built into the controlling software.<ref>
http://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/abs/10.2200/S00193ED1V01Y200905CAC006
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