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I added a recent relevant publication focusing on the topic of direct visualization of a pair correlation function. |
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It is also possible to calculate <math>g(r)</math> directly by extracting particle positions from traditional or confocal microscopy.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Crocker | first1 = J. C.| last2 = Grier | first2 = D. G.| doi = 10.1006/jcis.1996.0217 | title = Methods of Digital Video Microscopy for Colloidal Studies | journal = Journal of Colloid and Interface Science | volume = 179 | pages = 298–310| year = 1996 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> This technique is limited to particles large enough for optical detection (in the micrometer range), but it has the advantage of being time-resolved so that, aside from the statical information, it also gives access to dynamical parameters (e.g. [[diffusion constant]]s<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Nakroshis | first1 = P. | last2 = Amoroso | first2 = M. | last3 = Legere | first3 = J. | last4 = Smith | first4 = C. | title = Measuring Boltzmann's constant using video microscopy of Brownian motion | doi = 10.1119/1.1542619 | journal = American Journal of Physics | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 568 | year = 2003 | pmid = | pmc = |bibcode = 2003AmJPh..71..568N }}</ref>) and also space-resolved (to the level of the individual particle), allowing it to reveal the morphology and dynamics of local structures in colloidal crystals,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gasser | first1 = U. | last2 = Weeks | first2 = E. R. | last3 = Schofield | first3 = A. | last4 = Pusey | first4 = P. N. | last5 = Weitz | first5 = D. A. | title = Real-Space Imaging of Nucleation and Growth in Colloidal Crystallization | doi = 10.1126/science.1058457 | journal = Science | volume = 292 | issue = 5515 | pages = 258–262 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11303095| pmc = |bibcode = 2001Sci...292..258G }}</ref> glasses,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Weeks | first1 = E. R. | last2 = Crocker | first2 = J. C. | last3 = Levitt | first3 = A. C. | last4 = Schofield | first4 = A. | last5 = Weitz | first5 = D. A. | title = Three-Dimensional Direct Imaging of Structural Relaxation Near the Colloidal Glass Transition | doi = 10.1126/science.287.5453.627 | journal = Science | volume = 287 | issue = 5453 | pages = 627–631 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10649991| pmc = |bibcode = 2000Sci...287..627W }}</ref> gels,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cipelletti | first1 = L. | last2 = Manley | first2 = S. | last3 = Ball | first3 = R. C. | last4 = Weitz | first4 = D. A. | title = Universal Aging Features in the Restructuring of Fractal Colloidal Gels | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2275 | journal = Physical Review Letters | volume = 84 | issue = 10 | pages = 2275–2278 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11017262| pmc = |bibcode = 2000PhRvL..84.2275C }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Varadan | first1 = P. | last2 = Solomon | first2 = M. J. | doi = 10.1021/la026303j | title = Direct Visualization of Long-Range Heterogeneous Structure in Dense Colloidal Gels | journal = Langmuir | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 509 | year = 2003 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> and hydrodynamic interactions.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gao | first1 = C. | last2 = Kulkarni | first2 = S. D. | last3 = Morris | first3 = J. F. | last4 = Gilchrist | first4 = J. F. | title = Direct investigation of anisotropic suspension structure in pressure-driven flow | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.041403 | journal = Physical Review E | volume = 81 | issue = 4 | year = 2010 | pmid = | pmc = |bibcode = 2010PhRvE..81d1403G }}</ref>
Direct visualization of a full (distance-dependent and angle-dependent) pair correlation function was achieved by a [[scanning tunneling microscope|scanning tunneling microscopy]] in the case of 2D molecular gases <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Matvija|first=Peter|last2=Rozbořil|first2=Filip|last3=Sobotík|first3=Pavel|last4=Ošťádal|first4=Ivan|last5=Kocán|first5=Pavel|date=|title=Pair correlation function of a 2D molecular gas directly visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy|url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01965|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters|volume=8|pages=4268–4272|doi=10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01965|via=}}</ref>.
==Higher-order correlation functions==
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