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===Multiple levels of control===
Cloud applications can be of varying types and complexities, with multiple levels of artifacts deployed in layers. Controlling such structures must take into consideration a variety of issues, an approach in this sense being [http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/research/viecom/SYBL rSYBL].<ref>Georgiana Copil, Daniel Moldovan, Hong-Linh Truong, Schahram Dustdar, [
</ref> For multi-level control, control systems need to consider the impact lower level control has upon higher level ones and vice versa (e.g., controlling virtual machines, web containers, or web services in the same time), as well as conflicts which may appear between various control strategies from various levels.<ref>{{cite journal | first = Pavlos | last = Kranas | title = ElaaS: An Innovative Elasticity as a Service Framework for Dynamic Management across the Cloud Stack Layers | publisher = IEEE | year = 2012 | journal = Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS) 4–6 July 2012 | url = https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CISIS.2012.117 | doi = 10.1109/CISIS.2012.117}}</ref> Elastic strategies on Clouds can take advantage of control-theoretic methods (e.g., predictive control has been experimented in Cloud scenarios by showing considerable advantages with respect to reactive methods).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mencagli|first1=Gabriele|last2=Vanneschi|first2=Marco|title=Towards a systematic approach to the dynamic adaptation of structured parallel computations using model predictive control|journal=Cluster Computing|date=6 February 2014|volume=17|issue=4|pages=1443–1463|doi=10.1007/s10586-014-0346-3}}</ref>
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