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== Differences from standard Shift JIS ==
Windows-31J is often mistaken for standard Shift JIS: while similar, the distinction is significant for computer programmers wishing to avoid [[mojibake]].
In addition to the standard [[JIS X 0201]]:1997 and [[JIS X 0208]]:1997 characters, it includes several JIS X 0208 extensions, namely "NEC special characters (Row 13), NEC selection of IBM extensions (Rows 89 to 92), and IBM extensions (Rows 115 to 119)".<ref name="iana31j" /> Such "formerly proprietary extensions from IBM and NEC", while not part of the JIS standards, are included in the [[W3C]]/[[WHATWG]] encoding standard used by [[HTML5]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#index-jis0208 | title=Index jis0208 | publisher=WHATWG | work=Encoding Standard}}</ref> Some of these rows were subsequently used by [[JIS X 0213]]. For example, compare row 89 in JIS X 0213 (beginning 硃, 硎, 硏…)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/233.pdf | title=233: Japanese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange, Plane 1 | publisher=IPSJ}}</ref> to row 89 as used by JIS X 0208 with IBM/NEC extensions (beginning 纊, 褜, 鍈…).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/jis0208.html | title=Index jis0208 visualization | publisher=WHATWG | work=Encoding Standard}}</ref>
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