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-Duration/variance locking: Selection pressure to evolve networks that predict the duration of an Environmental resource that has fluctuating duration or phase variance.
==Prediction results==
After a few thousand generations, the simulation produced organisms that were able to predict their “mealtimes” based on temporally linked environmental cues. This pattern of evolution repeated itself for every type of the aforementioned simulations performed. The results from this study prompted scientists to experimentally reprogram ''E. coli'' cells ''[[in vivo]]''. Normally, ''E. coli'' switches to anaerobic respiration when encountered with a significant temperature change. However, following the principles of the simulation, scientists were able to make the bacteria turn on aerobic respiration when exposed to higher temperatures. These experiments show how such simulations can yield important insights into a bacterium’s cellular response pathways.<ref>Tagkopoulos, I. ''et al''. Predictive Behavior Within Microbial Genetic Networks. ''Science'' '''320''', 1313-1317 (2008)</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Evolution can be fairly predictable|url=http://thebioscientist.com/?m=20130315|work=The Bioscientist|accessdate=23 August 2013}}</ref>
==Disadvantages==
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