Al-Hurr al-'Amili: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 11:28, 14 mag 2016

Versione delle 11:32, 15 mag 2016

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{{T|inglese|biografie|maggio 2016}}

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[[File:Shiite Calligraphy symbolising Ali as Tiger of God.png|right|130px100px]]

{{Bio

|Nome = Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn

|Cognome = al-ʿĀmilī al-Mashgharī

|PostCognomeVirgola = detto Alal-Ḥurr Alal-ʿĀmilī, {{arabo|الحر العاملي}}

|PreData = {{Arabo|محمد بن الحسن بن علي بن الحسين العاملي المشغري}}

|Sesso = M

Riga 12:

|AnnoNascita = 1624

|LuogoMorte = Mashhad

|GiornoMeseMorte = 26 maggio

|AnnoMorte = 1693<ref>"al-ḤurralḤurr al-ʿĀmilī," G.Gianroberto Scarcia. http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-2969</ref>

|Attività = giuristateologo

|Attività2 = teologogiurista

|Epoca = XVII

|Nazionalità = arabo

|PostNazionalità = di orientamento [[sciita]]

}}

[[File:Manuscript by Sheikh Hur-Amuli.gif|thumb|left|Un manoscritto attribuito ad al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī]]

''[[Tradizionista|MuhaddithMuḥaddith]]'' e importante pensatore [[sciita]] [[duodecimano]], è noto per la sua ampia compilazione di ''[[hadith|ḥadīth]]'', nota come ''Wasāʾil al-shīʿa'', e per essere considerato uno dei "Tre grandi Muhammad”Muḥammad” della storia islamica sciita più antica.<ref>Scarcia, “al-Ḥurr”</ref>

==Biografia==

===Gioventù e formazione intellettuale===

Nacque il venerdì 8 Raj̲ab del 1033 [[Calendario islamico|E]], equivalente al 26 aprile 1624, nel villaggio del meridione [[Libano|libanese]] di Mashghara, sulle montagne dell'ʿĀmil,<ref>Scarcia, “al-Ḥurr”</ref> un centro sciit6asciita arabo libanese della regione.<br>

La sua prima istruzione fu da lui ricevuta nell'ambito familiare, ricca di studiosi. Suo padre fu il suo primo maestro, cui si affiancò anche lo zio paterno, suo nonno materno (lo ''[[shaykh]]'' ʿAbd al-Salām b. Muḥammad), e un altro suo zio paterno, a Jabʿ (lo ''shaykh'' ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd). <br>

Studiò inoltre sotto al-Ḥusayn b. al-HasanḤasan b. Yūnus Ẓahīr e al-Ḥasan b. Zayn al-Dīn ʿĀmili (m. 1602), che era il bisnipote dello Shahid''Shahīd al-ThaniThānī'' Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī (1506-1568), ad al-JabaJubaʿ, un villaggio delle vicinanze.<ref>Scarcia, “al-Ḥurr”</ref> Al-Ḥusayn Zahir fu il primo a concedere la ''ijāza'' Il permesso di diffondere l'insegnamento da lui ricevuto, nonché i suoi ''ḥadīth'').<ref>“Ḥorr-e ʿĀmeli,” Meir M. Bar Asher. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/horr-e-ameli</ref>

===Età matura e viaggi===

Al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili compì il ''[[hajj]]'' due volte ed effettuò la ''ziyaratziyārat'', visitando cioè i santuari-sepoltura dello [[Sciismo]] in [[Iraq]]. <!--Other than these trips, he remained in the jabal ʿĀmil for the first forty years of his life.<ref>Bar Asher, “Horr”</ref> He lived during the era of the [[Safavid Empire]], which at the time was pushing Imami Shi’ism upon the people of Iran. When Sunni ulama fled from the Safavid Empire, specifically the religious centers of Iran, the empire brought in many Shi’i scholars to replace them, a large amount coming from jabal ʿĀmil.<ref>From Bid’ah to Sunna: The Wilaya of Ali in the Shi’i Adhan,” Liyakat A. Takim. http://www.jstor.org/stable/605020</ref>

Al-Ḥurr Al-ʿĀmili was one of the many scholars that migrated to take religious leadership positions in Iran at the time, eventually journeying to [[Mashhad]], Iran and settling there in 1073/1663 where he became [[shaykh al-Islam]] in the shrine of the 8th Imam, [[Ali al-Ridha]].<ref>“Amal Al-Āmel,” J. van Ess.

Riga 39:

Al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili was not only known as a scholar, but also as a poet. He is credited with a diwān of approximately 20,000 verses, which includes several didactic poems (manẓumas), most of which constitute panegyrics to the Prophet [[Muḥammad]] and to his descendants.<ref>Bar Asher, “Horr”</ref> However, in two verses, he also expressed his inner struggle between his poetic and scholarly leanings: “My scholarship and my poetry fought one another, then were reconciled / poetry reluctantly surrendering to scholarship” (ʿelmi wa-šeʿri qatalā wa-ṣṭalaḥā / fa-ḵażaʿa al-šeʿro le-ʿelmi rāḡemā); “My scholarship objected to my being considered a poet / poetry, however, conceded that I be regarded as a scholar” (fa-l-ʿelmo yaʾbā an oʿadda šāʿeran / wa’l-šeʿro yarżā an oʿadda ʿālemā).<ref>Bar Asher, “Horr”</ref> The above lines suggest that poetry and scholarship were at odds in terms of the ideal of knowledge and in the degree of piety assigned to them. Judging by the vast amount of literary work he completed, it is clear that his scholarly work had precedence over his non-scholarly works of poetry.

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==Opere scelte==

#''Wasāʾil al-shīʿa'': un'ampia ma concisa compilazione e classificazione di ''[[Hadith|ḥadīth]]'' basati su [[I Quattro libri]] (''al-Kafī'', ''Man lā yaḥḍuruhu l-faqīh'', ''al-Taththīb'', ''al-Istibrār'') e su molte altre fonti più tarde. Furono necessari all'Autore 18 anni per comporla.<ref>Scarcia, “al-Ḥurr”</ref>

#''al-Jawāhir al-thāniya fī l-aḥādith al-qudsiya'': considerata la prima raccolta interamente dedicata agli ''Aḥādith qudsiyya'' (''ḥadīth'' rivelati da [[Allah]]).<ref>Scarcia, “al-Ḥurr”</ref>

#''Isbāt al-Hudāt min al-nuṣuṣ wa l-muʿjizāt'': descrive i miracoli dei 12 [[Imam]] e tratta la questione della guida divina degli Imam

#''Risāla fī tawatur al-Qurʾān''

#''Risāla fī masʾala al-rija't''

#''Risāla fī khalq al-kāfir''

#''Risāla ithnā ʿashariya fī l-radd ʿalā al-ṣufiyya'': un trattato ostile al [[Sufismo]], accompagnato da un'esposizione della letteratura sull'argomento.<ref>Scarcia, “al-Ḥurr”</ref>

#''Fawāʾiḍ al-Tūsiyya'': esposizione ostile alle determinazioni degli [[Usuli|Uṣūlī]].

#''Amal al-āmil fī ʿulamāʾ jabalJabal ʿāmilʿĀmil'': aun biographicaldizionario dictionarybiografico of(''ʿilm Twelveral-rijāl'') Shi’idegli scholarsstudiosi whodi originated[[Imamismo] fromduodecimano jabaloriginari del Jabal ʿĀmil, innel southernLibano Lebanonmeridionale.<ref>J. van Ess, “Amal”; [http://books.google.com/books?id=xd5VonTOppMC&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=ABU+MANSUR+HASAN+bin+YUSUF+AL-HILLA&source=bl&ots=gJrpKrAros&sig=gpOrFoCD5NLZHVEo3JUy9ZCvgs8&hl=en&ei=XIpcTIPyPNmL4ga-hYjnBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CCUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936:, EI ed.J.Brill,s -Leida, [[Brill Editore|E. J. Brill,]]]</ref>

==Works=Allievi===

# ʿAllāma Moḥammad Bāqer Majlesī (autore del ''Biḥār al-anwār'')

#[[Wasael ush-Shia]]: a vast but concise compilation and classification of Hadith based on [[the Four Books]] (al-Kafī, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, al-Taththib, al-Istibrar) as well as on many later sources. It took 18 years to compose.<ref>Scarcia, “al-Hurr”</ref>

# Shaykh Moṣṭafā Ḥoveizī

#al-Jawāher al-saniya fī al-aḥādith al-qudsiya: considered the first collection exclusively devoted to Sacred Hadith, or aḥādith qudsiya.<ref>Scarcia, “al-Hurr”</ref>

# Sayyed Moḥammad Ḥoseyni Aʿrājī

#Isbāt al-Hudāt bin al-Noṣuṣ wa al-Muʿjizāt: describes the miracles of the 12 Imams and deals with the question of the divine right of the Imams to rule

# Sayyed Moḥammad Badīʿ

#[[Risala]] fī Tawatur al-Qur'an

# Sayyed Moḥammad Mūsavī ʿĀmelī

#Risala fī Mas'ala al-Rija't

# Mola Moḥammad Taqī ʿAbd al-Wahhāb

#Risala fī Khalq al-Kafir

# Moḥaddith Mola Moḥammad Ṣāleḥ Heravī

#Risala ithnā ʿashariya fī al-radd ʿalā al-ṣufiya : an anti-Sufi treatise representing much of his literary activities regarding them.<ref>Scarcia, “al-Hurr”</ref>

# Mola Ḥasan ibn Moḥammad Ṭāher Qazvinī Tāleghānī

#Fawaid al-Toosiya: a rejection of [[Usoolism]]

# Moḥammad Meymandī

#Amal al-āmil fī ʿulamāʾ jabal ʿāmil: a biographical dictionary of Twelver Shi’i scholars who originated from jabal ʿĀmil in southern Lebanon.<ref>Ess, “Amal”; [http://books.google.com/books?id=xd5VonTOppMC&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=ABU+MANSUR+HASAN+bin+YUSUF+AL-HILLA&source=bl&ots=gJrpKrAros&sig=gpOrFoCD5NLZHVEo3JUy9ZCvgs8&hl=en&ei=XIpcTIPyPNmL4ga-hYjnBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CCUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936: E.J.Brill,s - E. J. Brill,]</ref>

# Sayyed Moḥammad ibn Zayn al-ʿĀbedīn Mūsavī ʿĀmelī

# Shaykh Abū l-Ḥasan ibn Moḥammad al-Nabaṭī al-ʿĀmelī

===Students=Voci correlate==

* [[AkhbariSciismo]]

# Allame Mohammad Bagher Majlesi(writer of ''Bahar al-anvar'')

* [[Akhbari|Akhbārī]]

# Sheik Mostafa Hoveizy

* [[Usuli|Uṣūlī]]

# Seyed Mohammad Hosseiny A'raji

* [[Ayatollah]]

# Seyed Mohammad Bady'

* [[Grandi Ayatollah]]

# Seyed ohammad Moosavi Aamely

* [[Sharif al-MurtazaMurtada|Sayyid MurtadhāMurtaḍā]]

# Mola Mohammad Taghi Abd al-Wahhab

* [[Sharif RaziRadi|Alal-SharifSharīf al-RadiRadī]]

# Mohaddes Mola Mohammad Saleh Heravi

# Mola Hassan ebn Mohammad Taher Ghazviny Taleghani

# Mohammad Meymandi

# Seyed Mohammad ebn Zein al-Abedin Moosavi Aameli

# Sheikh Aboo al-Hassan ebn Mohammad al-Nabati al-Aameli

==See also==

* [[Shia Islam]]

* [[Wasael ush-Shia]]

* [[Akhbari]]

* [[List of Ayatollahs]]

* [[List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam]]

* [[List of Marjas]]

* [[List of Shi'a books]]

* [[The Four Books]]

* [[Sharif al-Murtaza|Sayyid Murtadhā]]

* [[Sharif Razi|Al-Sharif al-Radi]]

* [[Shaykh Mufid|Shaykh al-Mufīd]]

* [[Shaykh Tusi|Shaykh al-Tūsī]]

* [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh al-SadūqṢadūq]]

* [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni|MuhammadMuḥammad al-Kulaynī]]

* [[Muhammad Baqir Majlisi|AllāmahʿAllāma Majlisī]]

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==Note==

<references/>

== Bibliografia ==

Oltre a quanto citato nel testo, si vedano i lemmi «al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī» (Gianroberto Scarcia), su: ''[[The Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'', 2nd edition, e la voce a lui dedicata da Muḥsin al-Amīn al-ʿĀmilī sugli ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', XLIV, pp. 52-64.

Nel testo.

== Collegamenti esterni ==

٭ *{{ar}}[http://yasoob.com/ar/lists/alpha.php?start=2997&e=3007 al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī Online]

* {{ar}}[http://rafed.net/books/hadith/wasael-1/index.html I ''Wasāʾil'' Online]

* {{ar}}[http://www.wikifeqh.ir Lemma su www.wikifeqh.ir]

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