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Industrially, iron is produced starting from iron [[ores]], principally [[hematite]] (nominally Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and [[magnetite]] (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) by a [[carbothermic]] reaction (reduction with [[carbon]]) in a [[blast furnace]] at temperatures of about 2000 °C. In a blast furnace, iron ore, carbon in the form of [[coke (fuel)|coke]], and a ''flux'' such as [[limestone]] are fed into the top of the furnace, while a blast of heated [[Earth's atmosphere|air]] is forced into the furnace at the bottom.
:6 [[carbon|C]] + 3 [[oxygen|O<sub>2</sub>]] → 6 [[carbon monoxide|CO]]
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