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==Performance==
If the transmitter knows the downlink [[channel state information]] (CSI) perfectly, ZF-precoding can achieve almost the system capacity when the number of users is large. On the other hand, with limited [[channel state information]] at the transmitter (CSIT) the performance of ZF-precoding decreases depending on the accuracy of CSIT. ZF-precoding requires the significant feedback overhead with respect to signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) so as to achieve the full multiplexing gain.<ref name="Jindal_ZF">{{cite journal|author=N. Jindal|title=MIMO Broadcast Channels with Finite Rate Feedback|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|pages=5045–5059|volume=52|issue=11|date=Nov 2006|doi=10.1109/TIT.2006.883550|arxiv=cs/0603065}}</ref> Inaccurate CSIT results in the significant throughput loss because of residual multiuser interferences. Multiuser interferences remain since they can not be nulled with beams generated by imperfect CSIT.
==Mathematical description==
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