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Line 74: ECC could be said to work by "averaging noise"; since each data bit affects many transmitted symbols, the corruption of some symbols by noise usually allows the original user data to be extracted from the other, uncorrupted received symbols that also depend on the same user data. * Because of this "risk-pooling" effect, digital communication systems that use ECC tend to work well above a certain minimum [[signal-to-noise ratio]] and not at all below it. * This ''all-or-nothing tendency'' —– the [[cliff effect]] —– becomes more pronounced as stronger codes are used that more closely approach the theoretical [[Shannon limit]]. * Interleaving ECC coded data can reduce the all or nothing properties of transmitted ECC codes when the channel errors tend to occur in bursts. However, this method has limits; it is best used on narrowband data.

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